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<blockquote><p><em>Define the commons #2</em>, is the second serie of 10 videos of definitions of the commons, (presented below), produced by Communautique and VECAM for <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun"><em>Define The Commons</em></a>. This serie has been gathered at the World Science and Democracy Forum, organized at Dakar in February 2011, </p></blockquote>
<h3>Presentation</h3>
<p><a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun&action"><em>Define The Commons</em></a> is a multilingual project sharing definitions of commons. It is a process of collecting spontaneous and very brief definitions of the commons, made over several years and in different places around the world. </p>
<p>The project started in the first by interviewing people during the first <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">International Commons Conference</a>, co-organized by the Heinrich Böll Foundation and the<a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a>, in Berlin November 1 and 2, 2010. The conference organizers and participants were invited to define the commons with just one sentence in their own langage. Since 2010, many other definitions have been collected during other meetings. </p>
<h3>Future developpement</h3>
<p>Collection of the definitions of the commons continues. It is open to individuals and organizations contributions to define the paradigm of the commons. Publications and uses of the collection of definitions are in preparation, such as a mapping of the definitions of the commons. This project will also contribute to the creation of a glossary of commons through the identification of the terms used in the definitions.</p>
<p>If you want to participate, please sent an email to Alain Ambrosi (ambrosia/at/web.ca) or Frédéric Sultan (fredericsultan/at/gmail.com). </p>
<h3>Collaborators</h3>
<p>This initiative is an idea of Alain Ambrosi. Join contributors in the <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun"> wiki-page</a>.</p>
<h3>Funding</h3>
<p>The project have been launched within the framework of the prototyping phase of <em>Remix The Commons</em> supported by the International Organization of Francophonie and the Foundation for the Progress of Human (FPH).</p>
<h3>Contribution of Remix The Commons</h3>
<p>Remix The Commons is the methodological and technical support of this approach.</p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" title="Tragedies, comedies and other dramas of the Commons by Bonnie McCay #IASC #Japan2013" width="880" height="660" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fbzUurdT_EY?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbzUurdT_EY">Tragedies, comedies and other dramas of the Commons by Bonnie McCay #IASC #Japan2013 – YouTube</a>.</p> +
<p>A great new documentary that is currently in production, documenting the water struggles around Greece. The working title of the new documentary is « Wa(te)rdrops », and it aims to present, through in-depth research and fieldwork, struggles concerning water around Greece, including the struggle against the privatization of Thessaloniki’s water company (EYATH), against the gold mines in Chalkidiki and against local water reserve appropriation efforts in Volos and Crete.</p>
<p>First few trailers in the documentary’s <a href="http://www.stagonesdoc.gr/en">web page</a>. Make sure you activate the subtitles (English or Spanish) on the top right corner of the player.</p>
<p>It is being filmed by a group of militant filmmakers coordinated by researcher Nelly Psarou. The same people did « Golfland? » a few years ago, a doc about the disastrous effect of golf course development on the environment and local communities. You can watch « Golfland? » online <a href="http://www.golfland.gr/en/golfland_movie.php">here</a> (Soon in the Remix Catalogue). </p>
<p>It is a_proudly independent production_ relying on crowdfunding for its completion, and the outcome will be freely accessible under a creative commons license. « Donate » button on the bottom of the documentary’s webpage.</p> +
<p>Le 2 mars dernier, Marion Louisgrand et Marta Vallejo de Ker Thiossane, partenaire de Remix The Commons, ont organisé à Kédougou au Sénégal, un DEJEUNER EN COMMUN sur le thème de l’En-commun et du “vivre ensemble” autour de la question « Jusqu’où tu es chez toi ? ».</p>
<p><a title="Par gbaku (Flickr [1]) [CC-BY-SA-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKolaNutsKedougou.jpg"><img decoding="async" alt="KolaNutsKedougou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KolaNutsKedougou.jpg/400px-KolaNutsKedougou.jpg" width="400" /></a></p>
<p>Retrouvez une série de photos sur la<a href="http://www.ker-thiossane.org/spip.php?article147"> page web de Ker Thiossane</a>. Des émissions de radio ont été réalisées avec la radio communautaire. Enregistrement et des vidéos sont en cours de montage.</p>
<p><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9dougou">Kédougou</a> se situe aux frontières du Sénégal, du Mali et de la Guinée. près du Parc national du Niokolo où vivent les derniers éléphants du Sénégal.</p>
<p>Le DEJEUNER EN COMMUN se passait dans le cadre du festival “La Nuit des Etoiles”, organisé par le Centre Multimédia Communautaire de Kédougou (CMC), dans le Jardin public de la commune, avec l’appui du collectif grenoblois Culture Ailleurs (<a href="http://www.cultureailleurs.com/">http://www.cultureailleurs.com/</a>).</p> +
<p>The 11 and 12 November, the <a href=" http://www.deeep.org/"> DEEEP project </a> , co-funded by the European Union program , gathered in Johannesburg (South Africa) 200 activists from around the world to rethink the framework of development NGOs and initiate the construction of a » World Citizens Movement . » This meeting is the starting point of a process that will last two years of citizen mobilization for change and global justice. <a Href="http://movement.deeep.org"> A digital platform </a> is dedicated to it. During the conference, the participants began to learn from the work of civil society, its modes of organization and action in different areas around the world and produced a document, <a href = " http://www.deeep.org/component/content/article/395.html " >« The Johannesburg Compass: Questions and orientations »</a> to define the principles that should guide the work of the two coming years.</p>
<p>Invited to participate in this process, I have contributed to discussions and writing text to feed as much as possible of the concept of the commons. Conceived initially as a declaration of principles supported by a shared vision, this document has become a guide for the process itself, based on a few key ideas such as the need to de-colonize our minds and de-institutionalize development organizations. The result reflects the will of renewal in both form and content of the action, but leaves unanswered, at least for the moment, questions about the nature of a worl citizen movement, if it is one motion, and the nature of the process of the two next years of workfollowing the conference.</p>
<p>It seems to me that today , a world citizens movement has to revolutionize the way for everyone to exercise their citizenship, and to be aware of. One of the roles of NGOs and CSOs should be to support the politicization of everyday life in the field of health , nutrition , education , work, .. .. etc, within the perspective of the commons. How to do this on a massive scale ? Appart from action campaigns on strategic objectives at the regional or global level, made by organizations, that are the infrastructure of civil society, it is to renew and articulate what is in France called popular education by integration of social neighborhood and mediated by computer networks practices. Such a dynamic would allow each to be more confortable with broader perspective and the international agenda. The challenge is to build bridges with multiple communities of belonging, not to provide them with the leadership of NGOs and movements, but to recognize and legitimize their leaderships at different scales of power (from local to global).</p>
<p>To listen to the conference participants at Johannesburg , it looks like it must also go through the (re)discovery of the commons within organizations, regardless of their size or intended to rebuild the project itself. This can be a wide perspective of the organization (NGOs / CSOs ) to continue the work from Johburg. In this sense, it will be better to work on Our commons than to define THE commons and to try to transform organizations working on their values, projects and actions, rather than seeking Commons as a theoretical or ideological framework.</p>
<p>Another avenue is to share les lessons learned by activists of the intangible and knowledge commons that, since the emergence of the computer have been able to build a movement that defends their values, distributed forms of collaboration , openness and freedom , sharing and solidarity , personal empowerment and participation in collectives, acting on a small scale while remaining in a universal vision. This movement is generally invisible as a social movement for people who are not activists. Everyone uses free software, access to culture and free knowledge, most of the time without paying attention. Yet organizations of knowledge and free culture are structured and are » NGO » or » OCS » weighty. Just consider the most visible in the public area alike Wikimedia Foundation, or the weight of this movement in the industrial sector (IBM , Android, …) or the work of lobbying done by groups aloke EFF Quadrature net, to realize that. It is a movement to maturity. This experience and the culture it develops worth sharing. </p>
<p>Would not it be helpful to think a similar movement in the field of materials, urban, rural and natural commons?</p>
<p>Frédéric Sultan</p>
<blockquote><p>A workshop <a href="http://mappingthecommons.net/">mapping the commons</a> will take place at Rio (Brazil) from 18 to 26 of october 2013, coordinated by <a href="http://hackitectura.net/">Pablo de Soto</a> with the collaboration of <a href="http://www.bernardogutierrez.es/">Bernardo Gutiérrez</a> and the support of MediaLab (Madrid).
</p></blockquote>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" width="400" height="225" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Nrtbi9gbuWw?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>Mapping the commons was developed by Pablo Soto. This initiative aims to produce with inhabitants, activists in the place, living maps, consisting of short video documentaries and vidéoposts. The proposed approach takes the form of an intense multi-day workshop with communication students and activists to find the Commons, define and make them visible in the territory by producing media that form the map.</p>
<p>Pablo Soto initiated this approach around urban commons of <a href="http://mappingthecommons.net/map-of-istanbul-commons/">istanbul</a> and <a href = "http://mappingthecommons.net/map-of-athens-commons/"> Athens </ a>. See the work done about <a href="http://mappingthecommons.net/taksim-square/"> Taksim Square </a>, whose privatization was one of the starting points of protest in Turkey this year. The mapping is a strategic tool. To research of the urban commons is a process of mapping the space, that Pablo Soto understand « as proposed by Deleuze and Guattari, and used many artists and activists during the last decade, as a <a href="http://cartografiaciudadana.net/athenscommons/auto.php"> performance</a> which can be thinking, artistic work, or social change ».</p>
<p>On 20 March 2013, a wikisprint was performed in Barcelona using the same principles and methodology . Under the title » Global P2P » , it was to map Common practices and P2P in Latin America and southern Europe. See in English <a href=" http://codigoabiertocc.wordpress.com/2013/08/07/globalp2p-the-wind-that-shook-the-net/"> # GlobalP2P , the wind that shook the net </a>.</p>
<p>Rio next step Mapping the commons is one of the cities that comes from living like the rest of Brazil, an intense social and political mobilization against international festivities that tend to <a href= "http:// scinfolex.wordpress.com/?s=Olympic"> privatize public space </a>. Many consider these mobilizations, their claims and modes of organization fall within the paradigm of Commons. See analysis on the subject of Bernardo Gutierrez in <a href="http://blogs.20minutos.es/codigo-abierto/2013/05/23/globalp2p-el-viento-que-desordeno-las-redes/">el viento that desordeno las redes</a> and Alexandre Mendes in <a href ="http://uninomade.net/tenda/a-atualidade-de-uma-democracia-das-mobilizacoes-e-do-comum/"> A atualidade uma das democracia mobilizacoes do comum e</a>.</p>
<p>To go further , we recommand to read the article <a href="http://www.academia.edu/2637017/Mapping_the_Commons_Workshop"> Mapping the Commons Workshop: Athens and Istanbul </a> , Pablo De Soto, Daphne Dragona , Aslihan Şenel , Demitri Delinikolas José Pérez de Lama</p>
<p>We are organising a Barcamp dedicated to video as commons in Paris <strong>the 4th of october from 14:00 to 18:00 at <a href="http://labodeledition.com/contenu/222/remix-video-tech?symfony=vek5amij7du0s2jsiqjhit6jd2">Labo de l’édition</a> 75005 Paris.<br />
</strong><br />
Documentary production provides a largely untapped source of video, images and audio files. For each documentary produced, many hours of rushes are carried out and a large part will seldom be used. It is estimated that for every documentary produced several dozen hours of rushes for only 52 minutes used.</p>
<p>However, the pooling of rushes could multiply the forms of collaboration such as productions geographically distributed, creations adapted to local contexts, or adopting the point of view of different producers and multiple users for the same subject or content. In addition, the sharing of rushes may be accompanied by other exchanges: tools, know-how, good ideas and ultimately generate new projects.</p>
<p>The idea that these resources can be shared and remixed is the basis of projects such as Remix The Commons and sideways. So we invite directors, producers and users of multimedia content to explore the possibiliies of sharing and re-use in the field the documentary video.</p>
<p><strong>See the details of the <a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/en/2013/06/barcamp-remix-video-tech-pour-la-video-en-biens-communs/">barcamp in French</a>. </strong></p> +
<p><iframe loading="lazy" title="Sacred Economics with Charles Eisenstein - A Short Film" width="880" height="495" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EEZkQv25uEs?start=7&feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>Published Marsh 1st, 2012</p>
<p>Directed by Ian MacKenzie <a href="http://ianmack.com">http://ianmack.com</a><br />
Produced by Velcrow Ripper, Gregg Hill, Ian MacKenzie</p>
<p>READ THE BOOK <a href="http://sacred-economics.com">http://sacred-economics.com</a></p>
<p>HELP ADD SUBTITLES <a href="http://tinyurl.com/6qm37p9">http://tinyurl.com/6qm37p9</a></p>
<p>Sacred Economics traces the history of money from ancient gift economies to modern capitalism, revealing how the money system has contributed to alienation, competition, and scarcity, destroyed community, and necessitated endless growth.</p>
<p>Today, these trends have reached their extreme – but in the wake of their collapse, we may find great opportunity to transition to a more connected, ecological, and sustainable way of being.</p>
<p>This short contains some visuals from the upcoming feature doc Occupy Love <a href="http://occupylove.org">http://occupylove.org<br />
</a></p>
<p><strong>FULL CREDITS</strong></p>
<p>Directed & Edited by Ian MacKenzie<br />
Producers: Ian MacKenzie, Velcrow Ripper, Gregg Hill<br />
Cinematography: Velcrow Ripper, Ian MacKenzie<br />
Animation: Adam Giangregorio, Brian Duffy<br />
Music: Chris Zabriskie<br />
Additional footage: Steven Simonetti, Pond 5, Youtube<br />
Stills: Kris Krug, NASA<br />
Special thanks: Charles Eisenstein, Stella Osorojos, Hart Traveller, Clara Roberts-Oss, Line 21 Media</p> +
<p><iframe loading="lazy" src="//player.vimeo.com/video/94640433" width="400" height="225" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p><a href="http://vimeo.com/94640433">Glasgow contre Glasgow</a> from <a href="http://vimeo.com/julienbrygo">Julien Brygo</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</p>
<p>Very interesting video made with pictures by Julien Brygo and edited by Le Monde diplomatique, about the relations between poor and rich people in Glasgow, Scotland.</p>
<p>MSDS:</p>
<p>22 minutes – 2014<br />
A photographic film by Julien Brygo<br />
Editing: Matthieu Parmentier and Sandrine Romet-Lemonne<br />
Mixing: Clément Chauvelle<br />
Jury Prize at the 2014 Festival Photographic Nights.</p>
<p>Photographic film directed <a href="http://monde-diplomatique.fr/carnet/2014-05-22-Glasgow-contre-Glasgow"> for the website of Le Monde diplomatique </ a><br />
This film is taken from the article « Living in a city rich poor », published in Le Monde diplomatique, August 2010: monde-diplomatique.fr/2010/08/BRYGO/19565</a></p>
<p>Screenings and debates: <a href="http://julienbrygo.com/actualite"> julienbrygo.com / actuality </ a></a></p>
<p>To purchase the DVD, write to julien-brygowanadoo.fr</p> +
<blockquote><p><em>Définir les biens communs #1</em>, est la première série de 20 capsules vidéos et remix de définitions des communs (visibles ci-dessous), produite par Communautique et VECAM pour le <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun">projet <em>Définir les communs</em></a>. Cette série à été réalisée à l’occasion de la <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">Conférence Internationale sur les Commons (ECC)</a> co-organisée par la Fondation Heinrich Böll et le <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a> à Berlin les 1er et 2 novembre 2010,</p></blockquote>
<h3>Présentation</h3>
<p><a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun&action"><em>Définir les communs</em></a> est un projet multilingue de partage et de remix de définitions des biens communs très brèves et spontanées, collectées sur plusieurs années et dans différents lieux tout autour de la planète.</p>
<p>Le recueil des définitions a commencé lors de la première <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">Conférence Internationale sur les Communs (ECC)</a>, co-organisée par la Fondation Heinrich Böll et le<a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a>, à Berlin en 2010. Les organisateurs de la conférence et des participants ont été invités à exprimer, si possible en une seule phrase, et dans leur propre langue, leur définition des biens communs. Depuis 2010, un grand nombre de définitions ont été recueillies à l’occasion d’autres rencontres.</p>
<h3>Futur développement</h3>
<p>La collecte de définitions des biens communs se poursuit. Elle est ouverte à chaque personne et organisation qui souhaite contribuer à la définition collective du paradigme des biens communs. Des publications et exploitations de ce fond documentaire sont en préparation, telle que la mise en place d’une cartographie interactive des définitions. Ce projet contribuera aussi à la constitution d’un glossaire des biens communs à travers l’identification des termes utilisés par les contributeurs dans leurs définitions.</p>
<p>Pour participer à ce projet envoyer un message à Alain Ambrosi (ambrosia/at/web.ca) ou bien Frédéric Sultan (fredericsultan/at/gmail.com).</p>
<h3>Collaborateurs</h3>
<p>Cette initiative est une idée d’Alain Ambrosi. Retrouver les contributeurs sur le <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun"> wiki</a>.</p>
<h3>Financement</h3>
<p>Le projet a été réalisé dans le cadre de la phase de prototypage de Remix The Commons soutenue par l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie et la Fondation Pour le Progrès de l’Homme.</p>
<h3>Contribution de Remix Biens Communs</h3>
<p>Remix est le support méthodologique et technique de cette démarche.</p>
<blockquote><p>Se déroulera le 4 octobre 2013, au <a href="http://labodeledition.com/contenu/222/remix-video-tech?symfony=vek5amij7du0s2jsiqjhit6jd2">Labo de l’édition</a> 75005 Paris</p></blockquote>
<p></strong>Rendez-vous aux utilisateurs, aux réalisateurs et aux producteurs de documents multimédias pour croiser nos expériences de partage et de collaboration en matière d’archivage, de production, d’exploitation et de diffusion des documents multimédia.</p>
<p>Cette rencontre vise à aller de l’avant pour :</p>
<ul>
<li>Identifier les ressources pour le partage et le remix de documents multimédia.</li>
<li>Imaginer les outils et les moyens à développer</li>
<li>Identifier et mettre en lien les personnes et les initiatives intéressées par le partage de rushs, d’outils, de savoir-faire pour la production multimédia.</li>
<li>Définir et programmer des expériences à réaliser, concrétiser des outils, rassembler et organiser des ressources pour la production multimédia</li>
</ul>
<p><H2>Partage des rushs en communs</H2><br />
La production documentaire offre une source peu exploitée de vidéo, d’images et de documents sonores. Pour chaque oeuvre documentaire produite, de nombreuses heures de rushs sont réalisées et une très grande partie ne sera que rarement utilisés. On peut estimer que pour chaque documentaire produit, plusieurs dizaines d’heures de rushs sont tournés pour 52 minutes de montage.</p>
<p>Or, la mise en commun de rushs pourrait multiplier les formes de collaborations telles les productions géographiquement distribuées, les créations adaptées aux contextes locaux, ou adoptant le point de vue de réalisateurs et d’utilisateurs multiples pour un même sujet ou contenu. De plus, le partage des rushs peut s’accompagner d’autres échanges : outils, savoir-faire, bonnes idées et finalement nouveaux projets de production.</p>
<p>L’idée que ces ressources puissent être partagées et remixées est à la base de projets comme Remix The Commons et SideWays et nous incite à inviter réalisateurs, producteurs et utilisateurs de contenus multimédias à explorer le chantier du partage et du ré-usage dans le champ de la vidéo documentaire.</p>
<p>Les difficultés rencontrées pour partager et utiliser de manière collaborative les contenus sont diverses. On peut en particulier citer les points suivants :</p>
<ul>
<li>le stockage et l’archivage des documents ne sont généralement pas conçus pour permettre facilement l’accès aux rushs. Il est donc difficile pour les uns de savoir ce qui existe et pour les autres de faire savoir ce dont ils disposent. Les supports de stockages, jusqu’à il y a peu de temps ne permettaient pas d’accès à distance à l’information sur les documents et encore moins l’accès aux documents eux-mêmes.</li>
<li>la multiplicité des formats et des types d’encodage d’image et d’audio est un frein au partage et à l’ouverture des contenus. La réalisation d’une oeuvre documentaire exige une certaine uniformité, aussi bien en terme de qualité des sources, qu’en terme de compatibilité technique (format, logiciels et hardware).</li>
<li>les droits d’auteurs associés à chaque document ne sont pas facile à connaître, souvent peu ou mal définis, notamment parce que les rushs n’ont pas vocation à être mis en circulation. Qu’en est-il aussi des droits d’auteurs pour des documents qui n’ont pas encore été publiés par leur auteur ?</li>
<li>la crainte de voir utiliser des documents par d’autres avant même qu’ils aient pu être exploiter par leur auteur peut être aussi un frein au partage.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Quelques suggestions de pistes à explorer ensemble</h2>
<li><strong>Archiver</strong></li>
<p>Du peer to peer à l’archivage massif en commun, quelles infrastructures pour stocker et donner accès aux contenus en toute sécurité et que ce mode de partage soit générateur de collaboration ?<br />
<em>Sources d’inspiration</em><br />
Video sharing P2P : http://p2pfoundation.net/Video-Sharing_Network#P2P_for_Video-sharing<br />
Archiver la vidéo sur le web : <a href="http://archive.org">http://archive.org</a></p>
<li><strong>– Indéxer, classer etcataloguer</strong></li>
<p>Comment permettre une identification fine des contenus de documents vidéo et audio par nature complexes ? quelles sont les index et les catalogues disponibles et utilisables ? Quels sont ceux que nous pouvons élaborer et ouvrir à la contribution dans une démarche collaborative ?<br />
<em>Sources d’inspiration</em><br />
Ligne de temps (IRI) : <a href="http://www.iri.centrepompidou.fr/outils/lignes-de-temps/">http://www.iri.centrepompidou.fr/outils/lignes-de-temps/</a><br />
Popcorn (Mozilla) : <a href="http://popcornjs.org/">http://popcornjs.org/</a> et<a href=" https://wiki.mozilla.org/"> https://wiki.mozilla.org/</a></p>
<li><strong>– Licence</strong></li>
<p>Quelle(s) licence(s) faciliterai(en)t le partage de rushes et de production, la diffusion et le ré-usage des contenus produits mais pas encore utilisés par leur auteurs ?<br />
<em>Sources d’inspiration</em><br />
Peer Production License : <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Peer_Production_License">http://p2pfoundation.net/Peer_Production_License</a></p>
<li><strong>– Workflow</strong></li>
<p>Quelles infrastructures pour faciliter le travail collaboratif tout au long du cycle de vie du document ? La transcription, la traduction, le commentaire des documents peuvent être réalisés de manière collaboratives, à distance afin de mettre à disposition des sources enrichies.<br />
<em>Sources d’inspiration</em><br />
Amara : <a href="http://www.amara.org/">http://www.amara.org/</a><br />
Participatory Culture Foundation : <a href="http://pculture.org/">http://pculture.org/</a></p>
<li><strong>– HTML5, format et encodage</strong></li>
<p>Quels sont les moyens d’enrichir l’expérience de l’utilisateur de document multimédia ? Passer de la vidéo au multimédia, relier des ressources à nos documents, permettre de suivre la trâce ou bien pouvoir remonter aux sources des documents originaux semblent être parmi les promesses des dernières générations du HTML.<br />
<em>Sources d’inspiration</em><br />
Donald Duck Meets Glenn Beck est un <a href="http://www.rebelliouspixels.com/2010/right-wing-radio-duck-donald-discovers-glenn-beck">remix</a> créé par Jonathan McIntosh qui fait un usage de la balise html5</p>
<li><strong>– Nouvelles écritures(transmédia)</strong></li>
<p>Depuis de nombreuses années, nous explorons de nouvelles manières de raconter et de diffuser des histoires en utilisant les technologies que le web nous apporte. Le terrain d’exploration est encore vaste et le partage / remix des images est sans aucun doute une piste intéressante où il reste encore beaucoup à investiguer.<br />
<em>Sources d’inspiration</em><br />
L’expérience du documentaire de Laetitia Masson, “The End, etc.”, donne une idée de mixage de vidéo à partir de mots clés (<a href="http://the-end.nouvelles-ecritures.francetv.fr">http://the-end.nouvelles-ecritures.francetv.fr</a>/)</p>
<h2>Et après ?</h2>
<p>Lors du Barcamp, nous définirons les prochains rendez-vous qui permettront de poursuivre ce travail et notamment passer de la réflexion à l’action à travers les projets de productions et de hackathons autour du remix vidéo.</p>
<h2>Où ?</h2>
<p>Labo de l’édition<br />
2, rue Saint-Médard, 75005 Paris<br />
Tél : +33 1 83 64 89 00</p>
<p>Le Labo de l’édition est un incubateur associé à un espace de coworking situé dans le 5e arrondissement à Paris, dédié aux professionnels de l’édition, ayant pour objectifs de soutenir les jeunes structures innovantes et d’accompagner les acteurs du secteur traditionnel dans leur adaptation aux enjeux du numérique.</p>
<p><a href="http://labodeledition.com/">http://labodeledition.com/</a> @labodeledition</p>
<h2>Date et horaire</h2>
<p>Jeudi 4 octobre : 13:45 à 17h30</p>
<h2>Organisateurs/trices</h2>
<p>Benoît Cassegrain Sideways <benoit.cassegrain@web-reporter.net><br />
Frédéric Sultan Remix The Commons <fredericsultan@gmail.com><br />
Camille Pène Labo de l’édition <camille.pene@labodeledition.com></p>
<h2>Programme</h2>
<p>13:45 à 14:00 Accueil<br />
14:00 à 14:15 Bienvenue, présentation des participants et inscription des ateliers et répartition.<br />
14:15 à 14:45 Premier set de 3 ateliers<br />
14:45 à 14:50 Rendu du premier set d’ateliers<br />
15:00 à 15:30 Deuxième set de 3 ateliers<br />
15:30 à 15:40 Rendu du deuxième set d’ateliers<br />
15:40 à 16:00 Pause<br />
16:00 à 16:30 Troisième set de 3 ateliers<br />
16:30 à 16:40 Rendu du troisième set d’ateliers<br />
16:45 à 17:30 Atelier : Comment allons nous plus loin ?</p>
<h2>Expériences</h2>
<p><strong>Sideways – web-série documentaire participative et collaborative : <a href=" http://side-ways.net">http://side-ways.net </a></strong><br />
Nous nous sommes posés cette question de la gestion, de la réutilisation et du partage des rushes au moment de l’élaboration de ce projet de web-série documentaire. Cette série met en avant des initiatives solidaires et innovantes insufflées par des personnes qui ont à coeur de partager leur vision. Une fois nos épisodes montés, une quantité importante de matière reste inutilisée et pourtant, tout aussi riche et pertinente. A nos yeux, il s’agit, quelque part, de gaspillage à la fois par rapport aux contenus mais aussi vis à vis de notre travail.<br />
Dans le cas de SideWays, la réutilisation des rushes peut s’effectuer de différentes manières : un remix des épisodes réalisés, une utilisation dans une nouvelle oeuvre ou encore en complément de travaux multimédias sur le web. Il nous a paru essentiel, au vu du sujet que nous traitons, de nous interroger sur cette gestion des images non-exploitées.</p>
<p><strong>Remix The Commons – plateforme de partage de documents sur les biens communs. <a href="http://remixthecommons.org">http://remixthecommons.org</a></strong><br />
Le défi de produire et remixer des documents qui traitent des biens communs, à la fois comme une notion, une idée, un paradigme et comme un vaste ensemble de pratiques sociales et culturelles, nous incite à expérimenter aussi bien dans les domaines techniques, logiciels, l’indexation et le catalogage, que dans les formes de travail collectif autour des documents médiatiques.<br />
Remix The Commons a ainsi développé un prototype de catalogue dont les spécifications sont proches du standard international Dublin Core et des classifications de documents fondées sur la description et les enjeux des biens communs. cela permet de rendre disponible le fonds documentaire de Remix The Commons pour le remix et toutes les formes de ré-usages que le numérique permet. La plateforme s’enrichit des nouvelles productions réalisées par les membres de notre communauté émergente.</p>
<h2>Pour participer</h2>
<p>S’inscrire sur le <a href="http://www.labodeledition.com/contenu/222">site du Labo de l’édition</a> ou bien envoyer un message à :</p>
<ul>
Benoît Cassegrain Sideways benoit.cassegrain at web-reporter.net<br />
Frédéric Sultan Remix The Commons fredericsultan at gmail.com<br />
Camille Pène Labo de l’édition camille.pene at labodeledition.com</ul>
<blockquote><p><em>Define the commons #3</em>, is the third serie of short videos of definitions of the commons, produced by Communautique and Gazibo for <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun&action"><em>Define The Commons</em></a>. It contains 16 capsules presented below. This serie has been gathered at the Internationale conference <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">ECONOMICS AND THE COMMON(S): FROM SEED FORM TO CORE PARADIGM</a> , co-organized by <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a>, the <a href="http://www.boell.de">Heinrich Böll</a> and <a href="http://www.fph.ch">Charles Leopold Mayer Pour le Progrès de l’Homme</a> Foundations and <a href="http://remixthecommons.org">Remix The Commons</a>, in Berlin, May 24 and 25, 2013.</p></blockquote>
<h3>Presentation</h3>
<p><a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun"><em>Define The Commons</em></a> is a multilingual project sharing definitions of commons. It is a process of collecting spontaneous and very brief definitions of the commons, made over several years and in different places around the world. </p>
<p>The project started in the first by interviewing people during the first <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">International Commons Conference</a>, co-organized by the Heinrich Böll Foundation and the<a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a>, in Berlin November 1 and 2, 2010. The conference organizers and participants were invited to define the commons with just one sentence in their own langage. Since 2010, many other definitions have been collected during other meetings. </p>
<h3>Future developpement</h3>
<p>Collection of the definitions of the commons continues. It is open to individuals and organizations contributions to define the paradigm of the commons. Publications and uses of the collection of definitions are in preparation, such as a mapping of the definitions of the commons. This project will also contribute to the creation of a glossary of commons through the identification of the terms used in the definitions.</p>
<p>If you want to participate, please sent an email to Alain Ambrosi (ambrosia/at/web.ca) or Frédéric Sultan (fredericsultan/at/gmail.com). </p>
<h3>Collaborators</h3>
<p>This initiative is an idea of Alain Ambrosi. Join contributors in the <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun&action"> wiki-page</a>.</p>
<h3>Funding</h3>
<p>The project have been launched within the framework of the prototyping phase of <em>Remix The Commons</em> supported by the International Organization of Francophonie and the Foundation for the Progress of Human (FPH).</p>
<h3>Contribution of Remix The Commons</h3>
<p>Remix The Commons is the methodological and technical support of this approach.</p>
<h3>Presentation</h3>
<p><em></em><em><a href="https://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php/Penser_les_communs">Framing the commons</a></em> is a series of interviews made during the first <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">International Commons Conference</a>, co-organized by the Heinrich Boll Foundation and the<a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a>, took place in Berlin November 1 and 2, 2010. The conference organizers and participants were invited to talk about their vision of the Commons and of the future of the movement.</p>
<p>Framing the commons is the second chapter produced by Remix The Commons in 2010/2011.</p>
<h3>Collaborators</h3>
<p>Alain Ambrosi and Abeille Tard</p> +
<p>Un ouvrage incontournable ! </p>
<p>La publication du dernier livre de Peter Linebaugh. <a href="http://ift.tt/O62hZa">Stop, Thief!: The Commons, Enclosures, and Resistance</a> (PM Press) avec des chapitres sur Karl Marx, les Luddites, William Morris, Thomas Paine, les peuples autochtones, est prévue pour le 1er mars, mais il est déjà accessible en ibook … par ailleurs auteur de Magna Carta dont on peut trouver l’introduction dans <a href="http://ift.tt/AmSWqc">Libres Savoirs</a>. </p>
<p>A noter que 2015 sera le 800ième anniversaire de la signature de la Magna Carta en Grande Bretagne, une date à commémorer alors que se dérouleront la même année la COP 21 sur le climat, les négociations sur les OMD et que nous serons probablement à la fin de la négociation de l’accord transatlantique (TAFTA).</p> +
<p>Un nouveau documentaire est actuellement en production, sur les luttes en relation avec l’eau en Grèce. Le titre de travail du documentaire est » Wa(te)rdrops « , et il a pour objectif de mettre en perspective recherches approfondies et travail sur le terrain, les luttes concernant l’eau autour en Grèce, y compris la lutte contre la privatisation de la compagnie des eaux de Thessalonique ( EYATH ), contre les mines d’or en Chalcidique et contre les l’accaparement des réserves d’eau locales à Volos et en Crète.</p>
<p>Premières trailers sont visibles dans la page web <a href="http://www.stagonesdoc.gr/en"> du documentaire </a> . Assurez-vous d’activer les sous-titres (anglais ou espagnol) dans le coin supérieur droit du lecteur.</p>
<p>Ce documentaire est filmé par un groupe de cinéastes militants coordonnée par le chercheur Nelly Psarou. Les mêmes personnes ont travaillé sur » Golfland ? » il ya quelques années, un document sur l’effet désastreux du développement de terrains de golf sur l’environnement et les communautés locales. Vous pouvez regarder » Golfland ? » en ligne <a href="http://www.golfland.gr/en/golfland_movie.php"> ici </a> (Bientôt dans le catalogue Remix ).</p>
<p>Il est fièrement produit en toute indépendance en s’appuyant sur crowdfunding, et le résultat sera librement accessible sous une licence creative commons.<br />
Bouton « Donate » sur le fond de la page Web du documentaire.</p> +
<blockquote><p><em>Définir les biens communs #5</em>, est la cinquième série de courtes vidéos de définitions des biens communs produite par Communautique et Gazibo pour le <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun&action">projet <em>Définir les biens communs</em></a>. Elle est composée de 12 capsules vidéos présentées ci-dessous. Cette série à été réalisée à l’occasion de la conférence Internationale <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">ECONOMICS AND THE COMMON(S): FROM SEED FORM TO CORE PARADIGM</a> co-organisée par le <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a>, les Fondations <a href="http://www.boell.de">Heinrich Böll</a> et <a href="http://www.fph.ch">Charles Leopold Mayer Pour le Progrès de l’Homme</a> et <a href="http://remixthecommons.org">Remix The Commons</a>, qui se déroulait à Berlin en mai 2013.</p></blockquote>
<h3>Présentation</h3>
<p><a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun"><em>Définir les biens communs</em></a> est un projet multilingue de partage et de remix de définitions des biens communs très brèves et spontanées, collectées sur plusieurs années et dans différents lieux tout autour de la planète. </p>
<p>Le recueil des définitions a commencé lors de la première <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Berlin_Commons_Conference">Conférence Internationale sur les Communs (ECC)</a>, co-organisée par la Fondation Heinrich Böll et le<a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_Strategies_Group"> Commons Strategies Group</a>, à Berlin en 2010. Les organisateurs de la conférence et des participants ont été invités à exprimer, si possible en une seule phrase, et dans leur propre langue, leur définition des biens communs. Depuis 2010, un grand nombre de définitions ont été recueillies à l’occasion d’autres rencontres.</p>
<h3>Futur développement</h3>
<p>La collecte de définitions des biens communs se poursuit. Elle est ouverte à chaque personne et organisation qui le souhaite qui peut contribuer à la définition collective du paradigme des biens communs. Des publications et exploitations de ce fond documentaire sont en préparation, telle que la mise en place d’une cartographie interactive des définitions. Ce projet contribuera aussi à la constitution d’un glossaire des biens communs à travers l’identification des termes utilisés par les contributeurs dans leurs définitions. </p>
<p>Pour participer à ce projet envoyer un message à Alain Ambrosi (ambrosia/at/web.ca) ou bien Frédéric Sultan (fredericsultan/at/gmail.com).</p>
<h3>Collaborateurs</h3>
<p>Cette initiative est une idée d’Alain Ambrosi. Retrouver les contributeurs sur le <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Definir_le_bien_commun&action"> wiki</a>.</p>
<h3>Financement</h3>
<p>Le projet a été réalisé dans le cadre de la phase de prototypage de Remix The Commons soutenue par l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie et la Fondation Pour le Progrès de l’Homme.</p>
<h3>Contribution de Remix Biens Communs</h3>
<p>Remix est le support méthodologique et technique de cette démarche.</p>
<p>As we are preparing a public meeting on the 16th. of September in Paris, with Michel Bauwens and Bernard Stiegler, on issues of free knowledge as commons and ecological, social and economic transition, we present here the translation into French of the interview conducted by Richard Poynder, with Michel Bauwens about FLOK Society project. This interview was published when the summit FLOK society was started in Quito in May 2014. It was published under the original title: <a href="http://poynder.blogspot.co.uk/2014/05/working-for-phase -transition-to-open.html "> Working for a phase of transition to an open commons-based knowledge society: Interview with Michel Bauwens. Michel Bauwens FLOK Society presents the project and the expected outcomes in Ecuador and more generally for the P2P movement, without concealing the difficulties he and his research team met.</a></p>
<p>Richard Poynder is a well knowed independent journalist and blogger, following the Open Access movement for a long time ago, specialised in scientific communication and open science, information technology and intellectual property. His <a href="http://poynder.blogspot.co.uk">Blog </a> is a mine of gold for every body who is interested in these issues.</p>
<p>The interview is under Licence : CC BY NC ND. The translation has been made by Frédéric Sultan.</p>
<p>Tuesday, May 27, 2014</p>
<figure style="width: 400px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="http://i.vimeocdn.com/video/177863970_640.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="225" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Michel Bauwens – Berlin 2012 Remix The Commons</figcaption></figure>
<div><i>Today a </i><a href="http://cumbredelbuenconocer.ec/"><i>summit</i></a><i> starts in Quito, Ecuador that will discuss ways in which the country can transform itself into an open commons-based knowledge society. The team that put together the proposals is led by Michel Bauwens from the </i><a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/"><i>Foundation for Peer-to-Peer Alternatives</i></a><i>. What is the background to this plan, and how likely is it that it will bear fruit? With the hope of finding out I spoke recently to Bauwens.</i></div>
<div>One interesting phenomenon to emerge from the Internet has been the growth of free and open movements, including free and open source software, open politics, open government, open data, citizen journalism, creative commons, open science, open educational resources (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources">OER</a>), open access etc.</div>
<div>While these movements often set themselves fairly limited objectives (e.g. “<a href="http://cogprints.org/1702/">freeing the refereed literature</a>”) some network theorists maintain that the larger phenomenon they represent has the potential not just to replace traditional closed and proprietary practices with more open and transparent approaches, and not just to subordinate narrow commercial interests to the greater needs of communities and larger society but, since the network enables ordinary citizens to collaborate together on large meaningful projects in a distributed way (and absent traditional hierarchical organisations), it could have a significant impact on the way in which societies and economies organise themselves.</div>
<div>In his influential book <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Networks"><i>The Wealth of Networks</i></a>, for instance, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yochai_Benkler">Yochai Benkler</a> identifies and describes a new form of production that he sees emerging on the Internet — what he calls “<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production">commons-based peer production</a>”. This, he says, is creating a new <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/macloo/networked-information-economy-benkler">Networked Information Economy</a>.</div>
<div>Former librarian and Belgian network theorist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Bauwens">Michel Bauwens</a> goes so far as to say that by enabling peer-to-peer (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes">P2P</a>) collaboration, the Internet has created a new model for the future development of human society. In addition to peer production, he <a href="http://poynder.blogspot.co.uk/2006/09/p2p-blueprint-for-future.html">explained to me in 2006</a>, the network also encourages the creation of peer property (i.e. commonly owned property), and peer governance (governance based on civil society rather than representative democracy).</div>
<div>Moreover, what is striking about peer production is that it emerges and operates outside traditional power structures and market systems. And when those operating in this domain seek funding they increasingly turn not to the established banking system, but to new P2P practices like crowdfunding and social lending.</div>
<div>When in 2006 I asked Bauwens what the new world he envisages would look like in practice he replied, “I see a P2P civilisation that would have to be post-capitalist, in the sense that human survival cannot co-exist with a system that destroys the biosphere; but it will nevertheless have a thriving marketplace. At the core of such a society — where immaterial production is the primary form — would be the production of value through non-reciprocal peer production, most likely supported through a basic income.”</div>
<h2>Unrealistic and utopian?</h2>
<div> So convinced was he of the potential of P2P that in 2005 Bauwens created the <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/">Foundation for Peer-to-Peer Alternatives</a>. The goal: to “research, document and promote peer-to-peer principles”</div>
<div>Critics dismiss Bauwens’ ideas as unrealistic and utopian, and indeed in the eight years since I first spoke with him much has happened that might seem to support the sceptics. Rather than being discredited by the 2008 financial crisis, for instance, traditional markets and neoliberalism have tightened their grip on societies, in all parts of the world.</div>
<div>At the same time, the democratic potential and openness Bauwens sees as characteristic of the network is being eroded in a number of ways. While social networking platforms like Facebook enable the kind of sharing and collaboration Bauwens sees lying at the heart of a P2P society, for instance, there is a growing sense that these services are in fact exploitative, not least because the significant value created by the users of these services is being monetised not for the benefit of the users themselves, but for the exclusive benefit of the large corporations that own them.</div>
<div>We have also seen a huge growth in proprietary mobile devices, along with the flood of apps needed to run on them — a development that caused <i>Wired’s</i> former editor-in-chief <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Anderson_%28writer%29">Chris Anderson</a> to <a href="http://www.wired.com/2010/08/ff_webrip">conclude</a> that we are witnessing a dramatic move “from the wide-open Web to semi closed platforms”. And this new paradigm, he added, simply “reflects the inevitable course of capitalism”.</div>
<div>In other words, rather than challenging or side-lining the traditional market and neoliberalism, the network seems destined to be appropriated by it — a likelihood that for many was underlined by the recent <a href="http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-net-neutrality-20140114-story.html#page=1">striking down</a> of the US net neutrality regulations.</div>
<div>It would also appear that some of the open movements are gradually being appropriated and/or subverted by commercial interests (e.g. the <a href="http://poynder.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/the-state-of-open-access.html">open access</a> and open educational resources movements).</div>
<div>While conceding that a capitalist version of P2P has begun to emerge, Bauwens argues that this simply makes it all the more important to support and promote social forms of P2P. And here, he suggests, the signs are positive, with the number of free and open movements continuing to grow and the P2P model bleeding out of the world of “immaterial production” to encompass material production too — e.g. with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_design">open design</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hardware">open hardware</a> movements, a development encouraged by the growing use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_printing">3D printers</a>.</div>
<div>Bauwens also points to a growth in mutualisation, and the emergence of new practices based around the sharing of physical resources and equipment.</div>
<div>Interestingly, these latter developments are often less visible than one might expect because much of what is happening in this area appears to be taking place outside the view of mainstream media in the global north.</div>
<div>Finally, says Bauwens, the P2P movement, or commoning (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bollier">as some prefer to call it</a>), is becoming increasingly politicised. Amongst other things, this has seen the rise of new political parties like the various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party">Pirate Parties</a>.</div>
<div>Above all, Bauwens believes that the long-term success of P2P is assured because its philosophy and practices are far more sustainable than the current market-based system. “Today, we consider nature infinite and we believe that infinite resources should be made scarce in order to protect monopolistic players,” he says below. “Tomorrow, we need to consider nature as a finite resource, and we should respect the abundance of nature and the human spirit.”</div>
<h2>Periphery to mainstream</h2>
<div>And as the need for sustainability becomes ever more apparent, more people will doubtless want to listen to what Bauwens has to say. Indeed, what better sign that P2P could be about to move from the periphery to the mainstream than an invitation Bauwens received last year from three Ecuadorian governmental institutions, who asked him to lead a team tasked with coming up with proposals for transitioning the country to a society based on free and open knowledge.</div>
<div>The organisation overseeing the project is the FLOK Society (free, libre, open knowledge). As “commoner” <a href="http://bollier.org/about">David Bollier</a> <a href="http://bollier.org/blog/bauwens-joins-ecuador-planning-commons-based-peer-production-economy">explained</a> when the project was announced, Bauwens’ team was asked to look at many interrelated themes, “including open education; open innovation and science; ‘arts and meaning-making activities’; open design commons; distributed manufacturing; and sustainable agriculture; and open machining.”</div>
<div>Bollier added, “The research will also explore enabling legal and institutional frameworks to support open productive capacities; new sorts of open technical infrastructures and systems for privacy, security, data ownership and digital rights; and ways to mutualise the physical infrastructures of collective life and promote collaborative consumption.”</div>
<div>In other words, said Bollier, Ecuador “does not simply assume — as the ‘developed world’ does — that more iPhones and microwave ovens will bring about prosperity, modernity and happiness.”</div>
<div>Rather it is looking for sustainable solutions that foster “social and territorial equality, cohesion, and integration with diversity.”</div>
<div>The upshot: In April Bauwens’ team published a series of <a href="http://en.wiki.floksociety.org/w/Research_Pl">proposals</a> intended to transition Ecuador to what he calls a sustainable civic P2P economy. And these proposals will be discussed at a summit to be held this week in the capital of Ecuador (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quito">Quito</a>).</div>
<div>“As you can see from our proposals, we aim for a simultaneous transformation of civil society, the market and public authorities,” says Bauwens. “And we do this without inventing or imposing utopias, but by extending the working prototypes from the commoners and peer producers themselves.”</div>
<div>But Bauwens knows that Rome wasn’t built in a day, and he realises that he has taken on a huge task, one fraught with difficulties. Even the process of putting the proposals together has presented him and his team with considerable challenges. Shortly after they arrived in Ecuador, for instance, they were told that the project had been defunded (funding that was fortunately later reinstated). And for the moment it remains unclear whether many (or any) of the FLOK proposals will ever see the light of day.</div>
<div>Bauwens is nevertheless upbeat. Whatever the outcome in Ecuador, he says, an important first stab has been made at creating a template for transitioning a nation state from today’s broken model to a post-capitalist social knowledge society.</div>
<div>“What we have now that we didn’t have before, regardless of implementation in Ecuador, is the first global commons-oriented transition plan, and several concrete legislative proposals,” he says. “They are far from perfect, but they will be a reference that other locales, cities, (bio)regions and states will be able to make their own adapted versions of it.”</div>
<div>In the Q&A below Bauwens discusses the project in more detail, including the background to it, and the challenges that he and the FLOK Society have faced.</div>
<h2>The interview begins</h2>
<div><b><i>RP: We last spoke in 2006 when you discussed your ideas on a P2P (peer-to-peer) society (which I think </i></b><a href="http://www.bollier.org/"><b><i>David Bollier</i></b></a><b><i> refers to as “commoning”). Briefly, what has been learned since then about the opportunities and challenges of trying to create a P2P society, and how have your thoughts on P2P changed/developed as a result?</i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> At the time, P2P dynamics were mostly visible in the process of “immaterial production”, i.e. productive communities that created commons of knowledge and code. The trend has since embraced material production itself, through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_design">open design</a> that is linked to the production of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hardware">open hardware</a> machinery.</div>
<div>Another trend is the mutualisation of physical resources. We’ve seen on the one hand an explosion in the mutualisation of open workspaces (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace">hackerspaces</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fab_lab">fab labs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coworking">co-working</a>) and the explosion of the so-called sharing economy and collaborative consumption.</div>
<div>This is of course linked to the emergence of distributed practices and technologies for finance (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdfunding">crowd funding</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_lending">social lending</a>); and for machinery itself (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_printing">3D printing</a> and other forms of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_manufacturing">distributed manufacturing</a>). Hence the emergence and growth of P2P dynamics is now clearly linked to the “distribution of everything”.</div>
<div>There is today no place we go where social P2P initiatives are not developing and not exponentially growing. P2P is now a social fact.</div>
<div>Since the crisis of 2008, we are also seeing much more clearly the political and economic dimension of P2P. There is now both a clearly capitalist P2P sector (renting and working for free is now called sharing, which is putting downward pressure on income levels) and a clearly social one. First of all, the generalised crisis of our economic system has pushed more people to search for such practical alternatives. Second, most P2P dynamics are clearly controlled by economic forces, i.e. the new “netarchical” (hierarchy of the network) platforms.</div>
<div>Finally, we see the increasing politicisation of P2P, with the emergence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party">Pirate Parties</a>, network parties (Partido X in Spain) etc.</div>
<div>We have now to decide more clearly than before whether we want more autonomous peer production, i.e. making sure that the domination of the free social logic of permissionless aggregation is directly linked to the capacity to generate self-managed livelihoods, or, if we are happy with a system in which this value creation is controlled and exploited by platform owners and other intermediaries.</div>
<div>The result of all of this is that my own thoughts are now more directly political. We have developed concrete proposals and strategies to create P2P-based counter-economies that are de-linked from the accumulation of capital, but focused on cooperative accumulation and the autonomy of commons production.</div>
<div><b><i>RP: Indeed and last year you were </i></b><a href="http://bollier.org/blog/bauwens-joins-ecuador-planning-commons-based-peer-production-economy"><b><i>asked to lead a team</i></b></a><b><i> to come up with proposals to “remake the roots of Ecuador’s economy, setting off a transition into a society of free and open knowledge”. As I understand it, this would be based on the principles of open networks, peer production and commoning. Can you say something about the project and what you hope it will lead to? Has the Ecuadoran government itself commissioned you, or a government or non-government agency in Ecuador? </i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> The project, called <a href="http://floksociety.org/">FLOKSociety.org</a>, was commissioned by three Ecuadorian governmental institutions, i.e. the <a href="http://www.conocimiento.gob.ec/">Coordinating Ministry of Knowledge and Human Talent</a>, the <a href="http://www.senescyt.gob.ec/web/guest">SENESCYT</a> (Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación) and the <a href="http://iaen.edu.ec/">IAEN</a> (Instituto de Altos Estudios del Estado).</div>
<div>The legitimacy and logic of the project comes from the <a href="http://www.unosd.org/content/documents/96National%20Plan%20for%20Good%20Living%20Ecuador.pdf">National Plan of Ecuador</a>, which is centred around the concept of Good Living (<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/buen-vivir-philosophy-south-america-eduardo-gudynas">Buen Vivir</a>), which is a non-reductionist, non-exclusive material way to look at the economy and social life, inspired by the traditional values of the indigenous people of the Andes. The aim of FLOK is to add “Good Knowledge” as an enabler and facilitator of the good life.</div>
<div>The important point to make is that it is impossible for countries and people that are still in neo-colonial dependencies to evolve to more fair societies without access to shareable knowledge. And this knowledge, expressed in diverse commons that correspond to the different domains of social life (education, science, agriculture, industry), cannot itself thrive without also looking at both the material and immaterial conditions that will enable their creation and expansion.</div>
<h2>FLOK summit</h2>
<div><b><i>RP: To this end you have put together a transition plan. This includes </i></b><a href="http://bollier.org/blog/ecuador%E2%80%99s-pathbreaking-plan-commons-based-peer-production-update"><b><i>a series of proposals</i></b></a><b><i> (available </i></b><a href="https://floksociety.co-ment.com/text/"><b><i>here</i></b></a><b><i>), and a main report (</i></b><a href="http://en.wiki.floksociety.org/w/Research_Plan"><b><i>here</i></b></a><b><i>). I assume your plan might or might not be taken up by Ecuador. What is the procedure for taking it forward, and how optimistic are you that Ecuador will embark on the transition you envisage?</i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> The transition plan provides a framework for moving from an economy founded on what we call “cognitive” and “netarchical” capitalism (based respectively on the exploitation through IP rents or social media platforms) to a “mature P2P-based civic economy”.</div>
<div>The logic here is that the dominant economic forms today are characterised by a value crisis, one in which value is extracted but it doesn’t flow back to the creators of the value. The idea is to transition to an economy in which this value feedback loop is restored.</div>
<div>So about fifteen of our policy proposals apply this general idea to specific domains, and suggest how open knowledge commons can be created and expanded in these particular areas.</div>
<div>We published these proposals on April 1<sup>st</sup> in <a href="http://www.co-ment.com/">co-ment</a>, an open source software that allows people to comment on specific concepts, phrases or paragraphs.</div>
<div>This week (May 27<sup>th</sup> to 30<sup>th</sup>) the crucial <a href="http://cumbredelbuenconocer.ec/">FLOK summit</a> is taking place to discuss the proposals. This will bring together government institutions, social movement advocates, and experts, from both Ecuador and abroad.</div>
<div>The idea is to devote three days to reaching a consensus amongst these different groups, and then try and get agreement with the governmental institutions able to carry out the proposals.</div>
<div>So there will be two filters: the summit itself, and then the subsequent follow-up, which will clearly face opposition from different interests.</div>
<div>This is not an easy project, since it is not possible to achieve all this by decree.</div>
<div><b><i>RP: Earlier this year you made a series of </i></b><a href="http://bollier.org/blog/flok-society-vision-post-capitalist-economy"><b><i>videos</i></b></a><b><i> discussing the issues arising from what you are trying to do — which is essentially to create “a post-capitalist social knowledge society”, or “open commons-based knowledge society”. In one video you discuss three different value regimes, and I note you referred to these in your last answer — i.e. cognitive capitalism, netarchical capitalism and a civic P2P economy. Can you say a little more about how these three different regimes differ and why in your view P2P is a better approach than the other two?</i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> I define cognitive capitalism as a regime in which value is generated through a combination of rent extraction from the control of intellectual property and the control of global production networks, and expressed in terms of monetisation.</div>
<div>What we have learned is that the democratisation of networks, which also provides a new means of production and value distribution, means that this type of value extraction is harder and harder to achieve, and it can only be maintained either by increased legal suppression (which erodes legitimacy) and outright technological sabotage (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management">DRM</a>). Both of these strategies are not sustainable in the long term.</div>
<div>What we have also learned is that the network has caused a new model to emerge, one adapted to the P2P age, and which I call netarchical capitalism, i.e. “the hierarchy of the network”. In this model, we see the direct exploitation of human cooperation by means of proprietary platforms that both enable and exploit human cooperation. Crucially, while their value is derived from our communication, sharing and cooperation (an empty platform has no value), and on the use value that we are exponentially creating (Google, Facebook don’t produce the content, we do), the exchange value is exclusively extracted by the platform owners. This is unsustainable because it is easy to see that a regime in which the creators of the value get no income at all from their creation is not workable in the long; and so it poses problems for capitalism. After all, who is going to buy goods if they have no income?</div>
<div>So the key issue is: how do we recreate the value loop between creation, distribution, and income? The answer for me is the creation of a mature P2P civic economy that combines open contributory communities, ethical entrepreneurial coalitions able to create livelihoods for the commoners, and for-benefit institutions that can “enable and empower the infrastructure of cooperation”.</div>
<div>Think of the core model of our economy as the Linux economy writ large, but one in which the enterprises are actually in the hands of the value creators themselves. Imagine this micro-economic model on the macro scale of a whole society. Civil society becomes a series of commonses with citizens as contributors; the shareholding market becomes an ethical stakeholder marketplace; and the state becomes a partner state, which “enables and empowers social production” through the commonication of public services and public-commons partnerships.</div>
<h2>Challenges and distrust</h2>
<div><b><i>RP: As you indicated earlier, it is not an easy project that you have embarked on in Ecuador, particularly as it is an attempt to intervene at the level of a nation state. Gordon Cook has </i></b><a href="http://www.cookreport.com/newsletter-sp-542240406/current-issues/287-cook-report-for-may-june-2014"><b><i>said</i></b></a><b><i> of the project: “it barely got off the ground before it began to crash into some of the anticipated obstacles.” Can you say something about these obstacles and how you have been overcoming them?</i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> It is true that the project started with quite negative auspices. It became the victim of internal factional struggles within the government, for instance, and was even defunded for a time after we arrived; the institutions failed to pay our wages for nearly three months, which was a serious issue for the kind of precarious scholar-activists that make up the research team.</div>
<div>However, in March (when one of the sides in the dispute lost, i.e. the initial sponsor <a href="http://www.elciudadano.gob.ec/new-left-review-se-presento-en-ecuador/">Carlos Prieto</a>, rector of the IAEN), we got renewed commitment from the other two institutions. Since then political support has increased, and the summit is about to get underway.</div>
<div>As for Gordon, he became a victim of what we will politely call a series of misinterpreted engagements for the funding of his participation, and it is entirely understandable that he has become critical of the process.</div>
<div>The truth is that the project was hugely contradictory in many different ways, but this is the reality of the political world everywhere, not just in Ecuador.</div>
<div>Indeed, the Ecuadorian government is itself engaged in sometimes contradictory policies and is perceived by civil society to have abandoned many of the early ideas of the civic movement that brought it to power. So, in our attempts at broader participation we have been stifled by the distrust many civic activists have for the government, and the sincerity of our project has been doubted.</div>
<div>Additionally, social P2P dynamics, which of course exist as in many other countries, are not particularly developed in their modern, digitally empowered forms in Ecuador. It has also not helped that the management of the project has been such that the research team has not been able to directly connect with the political leaders in order to test their real engagement. This has been hugely frustrating.</div>
<div>On the positive side, we have been entirely free to conduct our research and formulate our proposals, and it is hard not to believe that the level of funding the project has received reflects a certain degree of commitment.</div>
<div>So the summit is back on track, and we have received renewed commitments. Clearly, however, the proof of the pudding will be in the summit and its aftermath.</div>
<div></div>
<div>Whatever the eventual outcome, it has always been my conviction that the formulation of the first ever integrated Commons Transition Plan (which your readers will find <a href="http://en.wiki.floksociety.org/w/Research_Plan">here</a>) legitimised by a nation-state, takes the P2P and commons movement to a higher geopolitical plane. As such, it can be seen as part of the global maturation of the P2P/commons approach, even if it turns out not to work entirely in Ecuador itself.<b><i></i></b></div>
<div><b><i>RP: I believe that one of the issues that has arisen in putting together the FLOK proposals is that Ecuadorians who live in rural areas are concerned that a system based on sharing could see their traditional knowledge appropriated by private interests. Can you say something about this fear and how you believe your plan can address such concerns?</i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> As you are aware, traditional communities have suffered from systematic <a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/biopiracy">biopiracy</a> over the last few decades, with western scientists studying their botanical knowledge, extracting patentable scientific results from it, and then commercialising it in the West.</div>
<div>So fully shareable licenses like the GPL would keep the knowledge in a commons, but would still allow full commercialisation without material benefits flowing back to Ecuador. So what we are proposing is a discussion about a new type of licensing, which we call <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Peer_Production_License">Commons-Based Reciprocity Licensing</a>. This idea was first pioneered with the Peer Production License as conceived by <a href="http://www.dmytri.info/">Dmytri Kleiner</a>.</div>
<div>Such licences would be designed for a particular usage, say biodiversity research in a series of traditional communities. It allows for free sharing non-commercially, commercial use by not-for-profit entities, and even caters for for-profit entities who contribute back. Importantly, it creates a frontier for for-profits who do not contribute back, and asks them to pay.</div>
<div>What is key here is not just the potential financial flow, but to introduce the principle of reciprocity in the marketplace, thereby creating an ethical economy. The idea is that traditional communities can create their own ethical vehicles, and create an economy from which they can also benefit, and under their control.</div>
<div>This concept is beginning to get attention from open machining communities. However, the debate in Ecuador is only starting. Paradoxically, traditional communities are today either looking for traditional IP protection, which doesn’t really work for them, or for no-sharing options.</div>
<div>So we really need to develop intermediary ethical solutions for them that can benefit them while also putting them in the driving seat.</div>
<h2>Fundamental reversal of our civilisation</h2>
<h2></h2>
<div><b><i>RP: In today’s global economy, where practically everyone and everything seems to be interconnected and subject to the rules of neoliberalism and the market, is it really possible for a country like Ecuador to go off in such a different direction on its own? </i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> A full transition is indeed probably a global affair, but the micro-transitions need to happen at the grassroots, and a progressive government would be able to create exemplary policies and projects that show the way.</div>
<div>Ecuador is in a precarious neo-colonial predicament and subject to the pressures of the global market and the internal social groups that are aligned with it. There are clear signs that since 2010 the Ecuadorian government has moved away from the original radical ideas expressed in the Constitution and the National Plan, as we hear from nearly every single civic movement that we’ve spoken with.</div>
<div>The move for a social knowledge economy is of strategic importance to de-colonialise Ecuador but this doesn’t mean it will actually happen. However, the progressive forces have not disappeared entirely from the government institutions.</div>
<div>As such, it is really difficult to predict how successful this project will be. But as I say, given the investment the government has made in the process we believe there will be some progress. My personal view is that the combination of our political and theoretical achievements, and the existence of the policy papers, means that even with moderate progress in the laws and on the ground, we can be happy that we will have made a difference.</div>
<div>So most likely the local situation will turn out to be a hybrid mix of acceptance and refusal of our proposals, and most certainly the situation is not mature enough to accept the underlying logic of our Commons Transition Plan <i>in toto</i>.</div>
<div>In other words, the publication and the dialogue about the plan itself, and some concrete actions, legislative frameworks, and pilot projects, are the best we can hope for. What this will do is give real legitimacy to our approach and move the commons transition to the geo-political stage. Can we hope for more?</div>
<div>Personally, I believe that even if only 20% of our proposals are retained for action, I think we can consider it a relative success. This is the very first time such an even partial transition will have happened at the scale of the nation and, as I see it, it gives legitimacy to a whole new set of ideas about societal transition. So I believe it is worthy of our engagement.</div>
<div>We have to accept that the realities of power politics are incompatible with the expectations of a clean process for such a fundamental policy change. But we hope that some essential proposals of the project will make a difference, both for the people of Ecuador and all those that are watching the project.</div>
<div>For the future though, I have to say I seriously question the idea of trying to “hack a society” which was the initial philosophy of the project and of the people who hired us. You can’t hack a society, since a society is not an executable program. Political change needs a social and political basis, and it was very weak from the start in this case.</div>
<div>This is why I believe that future projects should first focus on the lower levels of political organisation, such as cities and regions, where politics is closer to the needs of the population. History though, is always full of surprises, and bold gambles can yield results. So FLOK may yet surprise the sceptics.</div>
<div><b><i>RP: If Ecuador did adopt your plan (or a significant part of it), what in your view would be the implications, for Ecuador, for other countries, and for the various free and open movements? What would be the implications if none of it were adopted?</i></b></div>
<div><b>MB:</b> As I say, at this stage I see only the possibility of a few legal advances and some pilot projects as the best case scenario. These, however, would be important seeds for Ecuador, and would give extra credibility to our effort.</div>
<div>I realise it may surprise you to hear me say it, but I don’t see this as crucial. I say this because, we already have thousands of projects in the world that are engaged in peer production and commons transitions, and this deep trend is not going to change. The efforts to change the social and economic logic will go on with or without Ecuador.</div>
<div>As I noted, what we have now that we didn’t have before, regardless of implementation in Ecuador, is the first global commons-oriented transition plan, and several concrete legislative proposals. They are far from perfect, but they will be a reference that other locales, cities, (bio)regions and states will be able to make their own adapted versions of it.</div>
<div>In the meantime, we have to continue the grassroots transformation and rebuild commons-oriented coalitions at every level, local, regional, national, global. This will take time, but since infinite growth is not possible in a finite economy, some type of transition is inevitable. Let’s just hope it will be for the benefit of the commoners and the majority of the world population.</div>
<div>Essentially, we need to build the seed forms of the new counter-economy, and the social movement that can defend, facilitate and expand it. Every political and policy expression of this is a bonus.</div>
<div>As for the endgame, you guessed correctly. What distinguishes the effort of the P2P Foundation, and many of the FLOK researchers, is that we’re not just in the business of adding some commons and P2P dynamics to the existing capitalist framework, but aiming at a profound “phase transition”.</div>
<div>To work for a sustainable society and economy is absolutely crucial for the future of humanity, and while we respect the freedoms of people to engage in market dynamics for the allocation of rival goods, we cannot afford a system of infinite growth and scarcity engineering, which is what capitalism is.</div>
<div>In other words, today, we consider nature infinite and we believe that infinite resources should be made scarce in order to protect monopolistic players; tomorrow, we need to consider nature as a finite resource, and we should respect the abundance of nature and the human spirit.</div>
<div>So our endgame is to achieve that fundamental reversal of our civilisation, nothing less. As you can see from our proposals, we aim for a simultaneous transformation of civil society, the market and public authorities. And we do this without inventing or imposing utopias, but by extending the working prototypes from the commoners and peer producers themselves.</div>
<p><b><i>RP: Thanks for speaking with me. Good luck with the summit.</i></b></p>
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<p>La Charte de la Forêt – <a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/magna-carta/charter-forest-1225-westminster/">Carta de Foresta</a> – publiée en 1217, est reconnue comme le premier acte officiel qui étend les protections et les droits essentielles de la <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta">Magna Carta</a> aux commoners anglais contre les abus de l’aristocratie. En vertu de cette charte, le peuple se voit garantir le droit l’accès aux ressources des forêts. L’impact de cette charte a été révolutionnaire. Elle est généralement considérée comme une des pierres angulaires de la Constitution Britannique et <a href="https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_services/law_library_congress/charter_of_the_forest.html">inspiration de la Constitution Américaine</a>. Elle a permi de rendre de vastes étendues de terres aux paysans, de s’opposer au pillage des biens communs par la monarchie et l’aristocratie. Au 17ème siècle, elle inspire les Diggers et les Levellers et par la suite les protestations contre l’enclosure des terres par la bourgeoisie capitaliste. Mais elle sera abrogée en 1971, par un gouvernement conservateur, permettant ainsi la privatisation de ressources comme l’eau au bénéfice d’entreprises multinationales.</p>
<p>Aujourd’hui, les forêts demeurent des ressources essentielles pour l’habitat, la souveraineté alimentaire, et sont essentielles pour lutter contre les crises environnementales. Une <a href="http://charteroftheforest800.org/">campagne</a> de célébration de la Charte de la Forêt a commencé en Grande Bretagne au mois de Septembre et se poursuit en Novembre. La Lincoln Record Society a organisé une conférence internationale sur la Charte de la Forêt qui a débuté par un voyage en péniche sur la Tamise de Windsor à Runnymede, lieu de signature de la Magna Carta. Des experts ont présenté la Charte de la Forêt, son histoire et ses implications contemporaines. Les participants ont également pu voir l’un des exemplaires originaux et participer à une visite guidée de la Forêt de Sherwood que nous connaissons à travers l’histoire de Robin des Bois.</p>
<p>Aujourd’hui même, 7 novembre, se déroule un débat présidé par John McDonnell, Député et soutien de Jeremy Corbyn, les professeurs Peter Linebaugh et Guy Standing, et Julie Timbrell de <a href="https://thenewputneydebates.com/">New Putney Debates</a>. Ce débat fait parti d’un <a href="http://charteroftheforest800.org/november-2017/">programme </a> étalé sur une semaine qui appelle à la création d’un nouveau <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book">Domesday Book</a>, un recensement national des propriétaires terriens britanniques et l’identification des communs ainsi qu’à une nouvelle Charte des communs et des Chartes locales. Il s’agit d’interroger la notion de propriété foncière dans un pays où elle est l’une des plus concentrée des pays occidentaux et d’élaborer des propositions politiques, y compris à travers une taxe sur la propriété foncière, pour une meilleure répartition des droits et des responsabilités sur les terres,</p>
<p>Merci à Yves Otis de m’avoir signalé l’article <a href="https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2017/11/youve-never-heard-charter-important-magna-carta.html">Why You’ve Never Heard of a Charter as Important as the Magna Carta </a></p>
<p>Transcription de la Charte de la Forêt : <a href="http://www.constitution.org/eng/charter_forest.html">http://www.constitution.org/eng/charter_forest.html</a></p>
<p><b>Rendre visibles les mécanismes de gouvernance des communs urbains et apprendre de l’expérience de la co-production du droit. Partager les tactiques de l’agir en commun (commoning) en milieu urbain. </b></p>
<p>Atlas des chartes des communs urbains propose de :</p>
<ol>
<li>Réaliser et entretenir un inventaire ouvert et interactif de mécanismes juridiques consacrés à la mise en œuvre des communs urbains.</li>
<li>fournir un espace collectif pour l’analyse et l’interprétation de ces mécanismes de gouvernance des communs urbains et produire et partager des connaissances avec les commoners dans une perspective interculturelle.</li>
<li>offrir un espace d’échange et d’entraide autour de l’élaboration de chartes et autres instruments juridiques pour la régénération ou la création des communs urbains.</li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<p><iframe style="width: 900px; height: 500px; border: 1px solid black;" src="https://framindmap.org/c/maps/198701/embed?zoom=1"> </iframe></p>
<p>Pour contribuer à la grille d’analyse des communs urbains, utilisez<br />
<a href="https://framindmap.org/c/maps/198701/edit">framindmap.org</a><br />
(Vous devez être titulaire d’un compte)</p>
<p><a href="https://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php/Atlas_des_chartes_des_communs_urbains">Information sur le projet </a></p> +
