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De Remix Biens Communs
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<blockquote><p>To help reclaiming, protecting and creating commons in our neighborhoods and cities, we offer to co-create an interactive Atlas of the charters of urban commons. The collaborative creation process will develop on an intercultural and interdisciplinary fashion, production and sharing of knowledge on legal tools that make alive the urban commons. Through workshops, camps, and cultural residencies, with the commoners, we will co-produce the Atlas (a mapping tool), that will be a place to meet and to interact for creating or recovering our urban commons.</p></blockquote>
<figure id="attachment_4247" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4247" style="width: 644px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Magna-Carta-1215-Document-num--ris---600x100.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4247" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Magna-Carta-1215-Document-num--ris---600x100.jpg" alt="Fragment de la Magna Carta de la Cathédrale de Salisbury (UK)" width="644" height="46" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-4247" class="wp-caption-text">Fragment de la Magna Carta de la Cathédrale de Salisbury (UK)</figcaption></figure>
<h1>The charters of the urban commons as inspiration</h1>
<p>Urban commons charters are rules of self-governance established by a community for their commons in their neighbourhood, city, region… They can be transformed into legal instruments that formally recognize the rights and sovereignty of individuals and of the community over their common goods. They are also an instrument for organizing commoning with a view to preserving, sharing and transmitting those common goods. They are accompanied by a multitude of activities, narratives, creations, illustrations, celebrations, and studies that are the heart of the commons culture and that we want to conserve and hand on from generation to generation.</p>
<p>We aim to evolve within this commons culture to generate mutual inspiration and to nourish the imagination as well as the practices of the urban commons around the world.</p>
<p>Documenting commons charters experiences in an iterative, collective, decentralized and self-managed manner is in itself a way of making a common culture. Our proposal is to develop and make available to commoners various modes of documentation adapted to sharing the experiences of commons charters.</p>
<p>We plan to organise camps and cultural residencies and to collectively create an Atlas of urban commons charters through interactive mapping in semantic web.</p>
<p>This process is intended to be exploratory, pragmatic, pedagogical and political; it is as well both interdisciplinary and inter-cultural. It allows commoners to formalise their experience, to link it with that of other members of their community and to share it with other communities. It also allows to share both the legal tools developed over time and the experience accumulated around the world (with input from legal experts and urban designers). It aims to make this process known and recognized as one of the mainsprings of democracy and of the good life in an urban environment.</p>
<h1>Learning from the historical and contemporary experience of the charters of the commons</h1>
<p>The documentation and facilitation activities on the commons in the context of remixthecommons led us to discover the wealth and variety of citizen initiatives and proposals on urban and broader territorial scaleson various continents. In the process of constituting a commons, neighbours and citizens consistently take the key step of creating and formalizing rules of self-governance. Innovative practices in this domain exist at the neighbourhood level (as in Dakar) and on the scale of entire cities (Bologna, Djakarta and others). The experiences that appear to us exemplary are those where citizen initiatives have been able to mobilise a broad range of expertise from various sectors (cooperatives, activists, architects, lawyers, urban designers, informatics, etc) in order to advance proposals that are at one and the same time innovative and pragmatic, that welcome, encourage, ensure and guide active participation by citizens in regenerating, constituting and managing urban commons.</p>
<p>In Europe, the Italian examples of the self-managed cultural spaces, the AquaBeneComune in Milan and various municipal commons charters adopted in several cities are inspiring and hold the potential of being shared, remixed and adapted to other socio-cultural and political contexts.</p>
<p>This blooming of urban charters is a stimulus for commoners apprentices to share and co-produce knowledge and proposals with their pairs.</p>
<p>The consolidation of networks of commons activists on the European level has engendered a dynamic of exchange and intercultural cross-fertilisation. Recent seminars on the subject between France and Italy are an example.</p>
<p>In addition, this collective mobilisation in favour of urban commons charters is a superb way of celebrating le 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, which profoundly marked the history of the commons.</p>
<h1>An invitation to collaborate</h1>
<p>We wish to implement a digital prototype of the atlas of the charters of urban commons. It will be co-created during a first workshop and improved by an iterative process. Workshops with people and online will stimulate documentation of existing charters and the creation of new adapted to their contexts and to their local rights. These actions will crossed scientific disciplines and popular know-how. And we will take care to have diversified processes of work and to ensure the sharing of data, of the design of uses and of the services inspired by the Atlas.</p>
<p>We are pleased to invite to participate all the activists and researchers motivated by the commons, especially those part of the Francophone network of commoners, and the organizations such as Commons Josephat (Brussels), Marx Dormoy Labs (Paris) Days of Urban Alternatives (Lausanne), or the House of the commons (Montpellier), LARTES in Dakar, …etc, and the European collectives such as Comuns urban activists in Barcelona, P2p plazas in Madrid, …etc.</p>
<p>This initiative will also lead us to collaborate with activists of the Rights to The City, such as in France, the Coordination “Pas sans nous! (Not Without Us!) and the Collective for Citizenship Transition, and the International Alliance of Inhabitants.</p>
<p>Some municipalities and local governments are already committed to support the commons and have their own charter. They offer spaces which allow to experiment our approach. The Festival of the Commons at Chieri in Italy (July 2015) could be the first opportunity.</p>
<h1>The contribution of Remix the commons</h1>
<p>Remix the commons incubates the project. We will share our experience of intercultural and multilingual projects such as <a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/en/2013/12/definir-les-communs-sur-une-carte/">Mapping the Definition of the Commons</a>, of co-creation processes (see « <a href="http://bollier.org/blog/art-com">The Art of Commoning</a>» ) and our knowledge of European networks, including France, Spain, Italy and Germany. One of the first dates that we can give us, will be the Francophone Festival « <a href="http://tempsdescommuns.org">Temps des Communs</a> » (from 5 to 18 October 2015).</p>
<blockquote><p>Pour aider à reconquérir, protéger et créer les communs dans nos quartiers et dans nos villes, nous proposons de créer un Atlas interactif des chartes des communs urbains. Le processus collaboratif de création permettra de développer, sur un mode interculturel et inter-disciplinaire, la production et le partage de connaissances sur les outils juridiques qui permettent de faire vivre les communs dans nos villes. Au cours d’ateliers et autres animations culturelles, nous explorerons avec les commoners/habitants les chartes des communs qui existent et leurs applications et nous contribuerons à la création de nouvelles. Une fois constitué, l’Atlas sera une plateforme de rencontre et d’interaction qui invitera les commoners à créer ou récupérer leurs communs urbains.</p></blockquote>
<figure id="attachment_4247" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4247" style="width: 826px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Magna-Carta-1215-Document-num--ris---600x100.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4247" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Magna-Carta-1215-Document-num--ris---600x100.jpg" alt="Fragment de la Magna Carta de la Cathédrale de Salisbury (UK)" width="826" height="59" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-4247" class="wp-caption-text">Fragment de la Magna Carta de la Cathédrale de Salisbury (UK)</figcaption></figure>
<h2>S’inspirer et créer des chartes des communs urbains</h2>
<p>Les chartes des communs urbains sont des règles d’auto-gouvernance dont se dote une communauté de personnes pour faire vivre leurs communs dans leur quartier, leur ville, leur région. Elles peuvent devenir des instruments juridiques qui formalisent la reconnaissance des droits et la souveraineté des individus et de la communauté sur leurs richesses communes. Elles sont aussi un instrument pour organiser le commoning en vue de conserver, de partager et de transmettre les biens communs. Elles s’accompagnent d’une multitude d’activités, de récits, créations, illustrations, célébrations, fêtes, études, qui sont le coeur de la culture des communs et que nous voulons faire vivre et transmettre de génération en génération.</p>
<p>Nous voulons utiliser ce vecteur pour nous inspirer mutuellement et nourrir l’imaginaire autant que les pratiques des communs dans les villes à travers le monde.</p>
<p>La documentation vivante et collective, décentralisée et autogérée de l’expérience de chaque charte des communs, est une manière de faire culture commune. Notre proposition consiste à élaborer et rendre disponibles aux commoners des formats de documentation propices au partage de l’expérience des chartes des communs.</p>
<p>Nous envisageons d’organiser des camps, des résidences culturelles et de réaliser collectivement un Atlas des chartes des communs urbains sous forme d’une cartographie interactive en web sémantique.</p>
<p>Cette démarche est exploratoire, pragmatique, pédagogique, et politique. Elle est à la fois interdisciplinaire et Interculturelle. Elle permet de formaliser son expérience, de la relier avec les membres de sa communauté et de la partager avec ceux des autres communautés. Elle permet aussi de partager les outils juridiques élaborés au fil du temps et l’expérience accumulée à travers le monde (avec l’assistance de juristes et de designers urbains). Elle vise à faire connaître et reconnaître ce processus comme l’un des principaux leviers de la démocratie et d’une vie harmonieuse en société dans la ville.</p>
<h2>Apprendre de l’expérience historique et contemporaine des chartes</h2>
<p>Nos activités de documentation et d’animation sur les communs à remixthecommons nous ont fait découvrir la variété et la richesse des initiatives et propositions citoyennes en milieux urbain et territoriaux sur divers continents. Dans le processus de constitution d’un commun, les voisins et citoyens passent toujours par l’ importante et nécessaire étape de se doter de règles d’auto-gouvernance et de les formaliser. Des pratiques innovantes en la matière apparaissent entre voisins au niveau des quartiers comme à Dakar ou au niveau de villes entière comme à Bologne ou Djakarta pour ne citer que celles-là.</p>
<p>Les pratiques, pour nous les plus exemplaires, sont celles où les initiatives des citoyens ont su mobiliser des compétences et expertises diverses issues de différents secteurs d’activités (coopérativistes, activistes, architectes, juristes, designers urbains, informaticiens, etc) pour faire des propositions à la fois innovantes et pragmatiques qui invitent, encouragent, assurent et encadrent la participation active des citoyens dans la récupération, la construction et la gestion des communs urbains.</p>
<p>En Europe les exemples italiens de ABC de Milan et des Chartes des communs municipaux, maintenant adoptés dans plusieurs villes sont inspirants. D’autres initiatives émergent en Angleterre, en Espagne et ailleurs. Elles ne demandent qu’à être partagées, remixées et adaptées à un autre contexte socio-culturel et politique.</p>
<p>Cette floraison de chartes est un incitatif pour les apprentis commoners à partager avec leurs pairs et coproduire des connaissances et propositions dans leur localité.</p>
<p>La montée en puissance au niveau européen des réseaux d’activistes des communs garantit des échanges et une cross fertilisation interculturelle. En témoignent les récents séminaires franco-italiens sur le sujet.</p>
<p>Nous pensons finalement que cette mobilisation collective autour des chartes urbaines est une belle manière de célébrer le huit-centième anniversaire de la Magna Carta (1215) qui a marqué l’histoire des communs.</p>
<h2>Une invitation à l’échange</h2>
<p>Nous souhaitons mettre en place un prototype numérique de l’Atlas des chartes des communs urbains. Il sera co-créé lors d’un premier atelier et amélioré de manière itérative. Ateliers en présentiel et en ligne vont stimuler la documentation de chartes existantes et la création de nouvelles, adaptées à leurs contextes et à aux droits locaux. Ces actions feront se croiser disciplines scientifiques et savoir-faire populaire. Et nous prendrons soin de disposer diversifier les procédés de travail pour être accessibles à tous, d’assurer le partage des données, comme celui de la conception des usages et des services inspirés par l’Atlas.</p>
<p>Nous sommes heureux d’inviter à participer tous les militants et les chercheurs motivés par les communes, en particulier ceux partie-prenante du réseau de francophone pour les communs, les organisations telles que Commons Josephat (Bruxelles), Marx Dormoy Labs (Paris) les Journées des Alternatives Urbaines (Lausanne ), ou la maison des communs (Montpellier), le LARTES à Dakar, … etc, ainsi que les collectifs européens comme Comuns Urban Activists à Barcelone, P2p plazas à Madrid, … etc.</p>
<p>Cette initiative nous conduira aussi à collaborer avec les militants des Droits à la Ville, comme en France, la coordination « Pas sans nous! ou le Collectif pour la Transition sur la Citoyenneté, et l’Alliance Internationale des Habitants.</p>
<p>Certaines municipalités et gouvernements locaux s’engagent déjà à soutenir les communs et ont leur propre charte. Ce sont autant d’espaces qui permettent d’expérimenter notre approche. Le Festival des communs à Chieri, en Italie (Juillet 2015) pourrait être une première occasion.</p>
<h2>L’apport de Remix the commons</h2>
<p>Remix the commons jouera son rôle d’incubateur de projet et partagera son expérience, tant en matière de cartographie interactive interculturelle et multilingue du <a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/en/2013/12/definir-les-communs-sur-une-carte/">projet de définition des communs</a>, que d’animation des processus de co-création (voir ‘<a href="http://bollier.org/blog/art-com">The Art of Commoning’)</a>. et la connaissance des réseaux européen et notamment en France, Espagne, Italie et Allemagne. L’un des premiers rendez-vous que nous pouvons nous donner sera le Festival francophone « <a href="http://tempsdescommuns.org">Temps des Communs</a> » (du 5 au 18 octobre 2015).</p>
<blockquote><p>As Alain Ambrosi wrote in 2012, « <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Le_bien_commun_est_sur_toutes_les_l%C3%A8vres" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Commons is on everyone’s lips</a>« 1. In order to make this notion known and to avoid its dilution in sometimes too vague speeches, the collective Remix the Commons endeavors to decipher the practices and to sketch out the semantic and conceptual field of the movement of the commons from the collection and analysis of the documents it produces. The development of this vocabulary, which uses the tools of the semantic web, makes it possible to link the initiatives of documentation and promotion of the commons without erasing what makes their identities unique. By doing that, the movement of the commons has a space for strategic collaboration.</p></blockquote>
<figure id="attachment_4643" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4643" style="width: 1024px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-large wp-image-4643" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alaina-buzas-Samburu-vocabulary--1024x681.jpg" alt="By Alaina Buzas " width="1024" height="681" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-4643" class="wp-caption-text">By Alaina Buzas</figcaption></figure>
<p>It is in 2010 that Remix the Commons initiates a process of documentation of the commons. Initially, the collective has a simple web site to identify and report content, mostly video, accessible online. At the same time, an initial series of video interviews was conducted at an international meeting in Berlin (2010). Others will follow the rhythm of World Social Forums or local initiatives in France, Senegal, Quebec first, and then in many countries on different continents. It quickly becomes necessary to allow each person to search by using key words in this documentation.</p>
<h1>From key words to the commons vocabulary</h1>
<p>When cataloging media objects on the Remix the Commons wiki (more than 500 media objects now), we describe the content of each production according to four axes which helps to position it in the field of the commons: object or resource to be commonified, stakes, associated actions and expected results. To date, more than 400 « key concepts » have been identified from the corpus gathered on the site. After that, ech concept is a card that uses the information on the Remix the Commons wiki, but also data from other sources accessible by using linking techniques by wikis and the semantic web. From each record, the user accesses information from the main documentary collections associated with the commons (P2P Foundation, Transformap, Digital Library of the Commons) and the large reference databases DBpedia, Wikidata, VIAF And WorldCat. Each concept is accompanied by definitions in several languages, resources published around the world that illustrate the point or refer to practices.</p>
<p>This set of key concepts provides a vivid and moving description of the world from the point of view of the commons. This collection is freely accessible, usable by all and open to contribution. Although this work is still at an experimental stage, it opens up interesting perspectives in terms of research, the production and the dissemination of knowledge about the commons. Holes, gaps and nuances between sources of information, between languages and cultures can be identified, documented and discussed among the actors involved in the field of the commons.</p>
<p>The vocabulary of the commons highlighted can support the emerging practices and contribute to the enrichment of the contents in Wikipedia and Wikidata, for example. The associations and collectives that contribute to the documentation of the commons, have there a resource that allows them to collaborate on the production of informational commons on the commons.</p>
<p>Because the practices of commoning fly in the face of market culture, they are frequently misunderstood. What is this process of committed collaboration toward shared goals? people may wonder. How does it work, especially when many industries want to privatize control of the resource or prevent competition via commoning?</p>
<p>Matthieu Rhéaume, a commoner and game designer who lives Montreal, decided that a card game could be a great vehicle for introducing people to the commons. The result of his efforts is “C@rds in Common: A Game of Political Collaboration.” “I see playfulness as a sense-making tool,” Matthieu told me. “People can play casually and be surprised by the meta-learning [about the commons] that results.”</p>
<p>It all began at the World Social Forum (WSF) conference in Montreal in August 2016. Rhéaume decided to use the opportunity to synthesize viewpoints about the commons from a group of 50 participants and use the results to develop the card game. He persuaded the Charles Léopold Mayer Foundation and Gazibo, both based in France, to support development of the game. Fifty commoners more or less co-created the game with the help of several colleagues. (The process is described here.)</p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" title="Les communs en jeu ... de cartes" width="880" height="495" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ISGk4-pf2Ww?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>As a game designer, Rhéaume realized that successful, fun games must embody a certain “procedural rhetoric” and reward storytelling. He had enjoyed playing “Magic: The Gathering,” a popular multiplayer card game, and wondered what that game would feel like if it were collaborative.</p>
<p>At the WSF, Rhéaume asked participants to share their own insights about the commons by submitting suggested cards in six categories. The first four categories consist of “commoners cards” featuring “resources,” “action cards,” “project cards” and “attitude cards.” Two other types of cards — “Oppressive Forces” cards with black backs – give the game its kick by applying “negative effects” to the “Political Arena” of play. The two negative effects are “enclosures” and “crises,” to which commoners must collectively organize and respond in time.</p>
<p>Intended for two to five players, the game usually lasts between 60 and 90 minutes. It has enough of a basic storyline to be easily understood, but enough complexity and sophisticated twists to be unpredictable and interesting. The key objective of the game is to “create a Political Arena resilient enough to defend the commons against encroaching enclosures.” The players win when there are no more enclosure cards in the Political Arena. They lose if there are more than five enclosures present at any one time.</p>
<p>The backs of the Oppressive Forces cards feature a conquistador with a spear and text reading, “I am here to take the commons.” One of the Oppressive Force card is “Trump Elected!” which demobilizes every commons campaign underway. Another OF card, “Old Inner Culture,” prohibits the discarding of “attitudes” cards (which might otherwise hasten commoning). A “Fear of the Unknown” card prohibits players from drawing new cards for one cycle.</p>
<p>By contrast, the commoner cards feature such things as urban gardens, First Nations, degrowth and independent media. A series of “Attitude” cards affect a player’s capacity to cooperate.</p>
<p>WSF participants submitted a wild diversity of 240 cards to Rhéaume giving many perspectives on commoning and enclosure. Rheaume used 120 of cards and his own knowledge of game design to produce the game, printing at a local printer. He tested C@rds in Common through 25 games and four design iterations, attempting to achieve a 50% failure rate (the forces of enclosure win). Players discovered that the complexities of cooperation grow as new enclosures introduce new variables. A game booklet describes how players can make winning more difficult (by accelerating the rate of enclosure threats and reducing the time allowed to build civil society).</p>
<p>Rhéaume concedes that the first play of C@rds in Common can be challenging, but there are YouTube videos to help new players learn the game. (See this video introduction to the game as a project, and this « how to play » video tutorial.)</p>
<p>Rhéaume would like to refine the game further – it still has elements of the WSF event, including some French-only cards – but he is pleased that the game helps introduce players into the commons worldview and start deeper conversations about it. Following most games, players reflect on what happened and tell stories about the successful collaborations that emerged and enclosures that prevailed.</p>
<p>The game was released in February, first with a European launch overseen by Fréderic Sultan of Gazibo. There are now more than 70 decks of C@rds in Common (in French, C@rtes en Communs) circulating there [actually more than 100 are .</p>
<p>The Canadian launch of the game will take place in Montreal on May 11 at 17:30 to 20:30 at 5248 Boulevard Saint-Laurent in Montreal. To register for the (free) event, here is a link on Brown Paper Tickets.</p>
<p>A deck of the game can be bought directly, at cost, via a commercial distributor, Game Crafters, at https://www.thegamecrafter.com/games/c-rds-in-common, for $22.40. Until May 31, Canadians can acquire the game more cheaply by signing up for a bulk order at this webpage; Rhéaume et al. will then distribute the games to individual buyers.</p>
<p>Let me add a charming historical footnote that Rhéaume sahred with me. On the back of each commoner card, there is a drawing of a farmer with the text, “Give me my leather coat and my purse in a groat. That’s some habit for a husbandman.”</p>
<p>Those lines are from a song in a medieval mummers play, « The Seven Champions of Christendom. » The lyrics are a heated discussion between a servingman to the king and a free and independent husbandman (commoner) about the merits and liabilities of their respective stations in life. (The song originated from Symondsbury, near Bridport, Dorset, in England — so a shout-out to STIR magazine, which is based there!).</p>
<p>A sample exchange between the servingman and the husbandman:</p>
<p>[Servingman] But then we do wear the finest of grandeur,<br />
My coat is trimmed with fur all around;<br />
Our shirts as white as milk and our stockings made of silk:<br />
That’s clothing for a servingman.</p>
<p>[Husbandman] As to thy grandeur give I the coat I wear<br />
Some bushes to ramble among;<br />
Give to me a good greatcoat and in my purse a grout [coarse meal],<br />
That’s clothing for an husbandman.</p>
<p>The full lyrics of the song can be found here.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-large wp-image-5910" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/place-tahrir-intendance-607x383.jpg" alt="" width="607" height="383" srcset="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/place-tahrir-intendance-607x383.jpg 607w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/place-tahrir-intendance-342x216.jpg 342w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/place-tahrir-intendance-768x485.jpg 768w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/place-tahrir-intendance.jpg 984w" sizes="(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px" /></p>
<blockquote><p>Quelles propositions et politiques pour défendre et promouvoir les communs dans le contexte municipal ? Le Cahier de propositions en contexte municipal présente un échantillon d’outils et de propositions qui peuvent être appliqués dans les champs d’action relevant des communes et intercommunalités.</p></blockquote>
<p>Découvrez les outils, les propositions politiques du mouvement des communs, pour influencer et contribuer à l’action publique, inspirer les collectifs engagés dans l’action, les élus et les agents de la puissance publique qui veulent faire progresser leur commune sur la voie de la transition solidaire et écologique.</p>
<p><a href="https://politiquesdescommuns.cc">Dossier réalisé en partenariat avec le tiers lieu La Myne en 2020.</a></p>
<pre class="western"># SOMMAIRE du CAHIER DE PROPOSITIONS EN CONTEXTE MUNICIPAL
## IDÉES
### Idées pour les communs dans le contexte municipal
## THEMES
### Sols en commun
La question foncière relie un grand nombre de problématiques entre elles, telles que l’agriculture, le logement, l’énergie, l’urbanisme. Dans chacun de ces domaines, des politiques et pratiques foncières en commun revisitent les notions d'accès et d'usages, de propriété, de valeur et de transaction, de conservation et de protection des terres.
### Habitat et logement en commun
Dans le domaine du logement, la perspective du projet des communs consiste à la fois à déployer une autre manière d’habiter, et à répondre aux difficultés d’accès au logement dans un contexte d’intensification de la spéculation et de crise économique et financière.
### Résilience urbaine en commun
Plutôt que de perpétuer des rapports de domination et d'exploitation de nos milieux de vie, hérités d'une approche libérale des politiques environnementales, plusieurs théoriciens de la transition proposent d'expérimenter des voies alternatives.
### Eau en commun
Problématique discrète de nos vies quotidiennes, la gestion de l'eau et de ses infrastructures sont des questions primordiales dont on ne pense plus systématiquement les très nombreuses implications pour nos territoires et nos modes de vies communes.
## OUTILS
### Négocier des communs urbains
Des dispositifs d'encadrement de la collaboration entre les citoyens et leur municipalité autour de la prise en charge, ou l'engagement dans des communs urbains sont mis en place par les administrations publiques. Ces dispositifs associent une règlementation et un ensemble d'outils qui forme une ingénierie pour la ville participative.
### Partenariat Public Commun
La popularité des appels à la nationalisation des services publics est révélatrice du rejet par beaucoup de la marchandisation des services essentiels. Pourtant, la simple propriété de l'État n'est pas une alternative satisfaisante. Les PPP offrent une autre conception institutionnelle qui nous permet de dépasser ces limites.
### Assemblée des communs
Une Assemblée des Communs est un espace politique et apartisan de coopération pour la production, le développement et la préservation des communs administré par et pour les citoyens.
### Chambre des communs
La Chambre des Communs est un espace politique et apartisan de coopération pour la production, le développement et la préservation des communs par et pour les acteurs économiques.
### Appel à communs
L'application de la règle des marchés est basée sur la mise en concurrence des acteurs d'un territoire alors que celui-ci à tout à gagner à leur permettre de travailler en collaboration là où cela est possible. Un appel à communs vise à produire des communs utiles pour un écosystème d’acteurs.
### Bureau municipal des communs
La collectivité peut jouer un rôle actif dans le mouvement des communs en permettant le développement d'une expertise sur les communs à l'intérieur de l'administration qui peut conduire à un processus d'appropriation juridico-politique de la notion de commun par la ville.
### Faire tiers-lieux
“Faire tiers-lieux” renvoie à la fois aux usages et pratiques d'un espace par des personnes, aux processus qui régissent aussi bien cet espace que les interactions qui s'y déploient, et enfin à une pluralité d’héritages théoriques et pratiques qui, par leurs croisements et diversités, permettent l'émergence de configurations sociales particulières.
### Propriété d’usage
La propriété d’usage d’un bien est une forme de propriété légitimée par l’usage de ce bien, plutôt que par la détention d’un titre de propriété marchand.
### Reconnaître les communs culturels, Convention de Faro
On a souvent une vision assez restreinte de la culture, comme un ensemble d'objets faits de pierres, de monuments, un patrimoine figé et officiel. Pourtant, la ville et le contexte municipal ne sauraient être définis sans les récits élaborés et partagés au sein des sociétés.
### Bassin versant solidaire
Le mécanisme des bassins versants solidaires vise à constituer des espaces de gestion collective des usages de l’eau avec les différentes actrices et acteurs d'un même bassin versant.
## ACTIONS
### Les forces du changement
Le changement ne dépend pas seulement de la dissémination d'expériences singulières. Le mouvement des communs est un agencement de forces qui agissent, comme levier de changement culturel, renouvelant les questions de solidarité et leur place dans l’agenda politique. Pour rejoindre les communs, agissons en commoner !
### Porter les communs aux municipales, RFBC
Cette fiche propose un regard sur l'histoire de la structuration du "Réseau francophone autour des biens communs", les acteurs qui le composent, son rôle et les enjeux politiques adressés par ses actions.
### Remunicipaliser la gestion de l'eau, Coordination EAU Île-de-France
Cette fiche témoigne de l'action de la Coordination EAU Île-de France qui réunit citoyens et associations autour de la ressource en eau en Île-de-France et sur tout le territoire français.
### Acculturer les administrations aux communs, 27e Région
La 27e Région est un laboratoire de transformation publique qui conçoit la transformation des services et les administrations publiques. Avec le projet Enacting the commons, elle explore les possibles ouverts par les communs dans différents territoires européens.
### Recommander des politiques pour les communs, P2P Foundation
La P2P Fondation est un réseau international de chercheurs œuvrant à l’émergence d’une nouvelle économie centrée sur la «production entre pairs». Cette fiche restitue l’expérience de cette organisation en matière de plaidoyer pour les communs.
### Outiller les commoners, Remix the commons
Collectif engagé pour la culture des communs, Remix expérimente et diffuse des outils utiles aux commoners et soutien l'émergence du mouvement des communs.
## GLOSSAIRE
Glossaire</pre>
<p> </p>
<p>The violent destruction of the commons of the ZAD (Zone To Defend) of Notre-Dame-des-Landes by the French government is an infamous and revolting act. The current police offensive, led by several thousand gendarmes and CRS equipped with armored vehicles and helicopters is only the exercise of the purest State violence against a set of collective practices that are in progress or in preparation. This includes their fragile material conditions (buildings, meeting places, work tools, herds), and they are now destroyed by bulldozers and police squads.</p>
<p>Since the first day of assault on the ZAD of Notre-Dame-des-Landes, the destruction of the farm of the «Cents Noms» was a true declaration of social and political war. The destruction of this place was by no means imperative given the criteria invoked by the government in its « communication ». Nicole Klein, Prefect of Loire Region(<a href="#note1" name="retour au texte1"> 1</a>), justifies the police operation by claiming that the «Cents Noms» had not submitted an agricultural project. This is obviously false: the inhabitants of this farm were carrying an alternative agricultural project and some of them had submitted a request for regularization.</p>
<p>What is the real reason for this destructive rage? It is not the absence of a project, it is the nature of the projects that is at stake. The State and its representatives do not support the life forms that are experimented here and now, and for the past 10 years. These life forms prefigure a society free from the ownership logic in all its dimensions. From this point of view, it is of the highest symbolic value that the inhabitants and defenders of the zone propose the Assembly of Uses to take charge of the collective management of lands and spaces from the beginning. This solution would’ve had the advantage to straightly extend the experience initiated and pursued for so many years: to make the logic of the common use which is a logic of care and nurture, or to prevail over the logic of land ownership which is a destructive and deadly logic.</p>
<p>It is not the « Constitutional State » that defends itself, as the Prime Minister affirms, it is a State of force that wants to eliminate as quickly and completely as possible all actions that could perform the principle of the Common: associations, consumers and workers cooperatives, agricultural and craft projects, convivial modes of exchange and of life. The government wants to prevent the invention of what is a real way of producing and living by using its excessive police force. It also wants to eliminate a solidary and ecological model of life that we need today.</p>
<p>The State shows its true face here. It is not only protecting private ownership, but it is itself completely under the logic of ownership. It is the Owner State in war against the commons. It must be defeated at all costs to preserve the treasure threatened of the commons.<br />
<strong><br />
Pierre Dardot and Christian Laval</strong></p>
<p>—–</p>
<p>Note :<br />
<a name="note1"></a>(1) The Prefect is a representative of the public authority in the department, directly appointed by the President of the Republic (and not elected as mayors).</p>
<p>—–<br />
Original edition : <a href="http://questionmarx.typepad.fr/question-marx/2018/04/nddl-non-a-la-violence-de-letat-contre-les-communs-.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NDDL : NON A LA VIOLENCE DE L’ETAT CONTRE LES COMMUNS ! </a> Thursday, April 12 2018</p>
<p>Translated in English by Frédéric Sultan and Alexandre Guttmann</p>
<h2>Interview with Joan Subirats – Barcelona, April 20, 2017</h2>
<p><strong>Alain Ambrosi and Nancy Thede </strong></p>
<blockquote><p><i>The pro-independence government of Catalonia recently sparked a political crisis in Spain by proposing to call a referendum on independence by the end of 2017 with or without the approval of the central government. In contrast, « Catalonia in common » defines itself as an innovative political space of the Catalan left. Initiated by Barcelona in Comú a little less than a year after its election to city hall, the initiave was launched in October 2016. A short manifesto explained its raison-d’être and presented an « ideario politico » (a political project) of some 100 pages for broad discussion over 5 months which culminated in a constituent assembly last April 8.</i></p>
<p><i>This new political subject defines itself as « a left-wing Catalan organisation that aims to govern and to transform the economic, political and social structures of the present neo-liberal system. » Its originality in the political panorama of Catalonia and of Spain is its engagement with « a new way of doing politics, a politics of the commons where grassroots people and communities are the protagonists. » In response to those who see its emergence only in the context of the impending referendum, it affirms: « We propose a profound systemic, revolutionary change in our economic, social, environmental and political model. » </i></p>
<p><i>We interviewed Joan Subirats a few days after the Constituent Assembly of Catalunya en Comú took place. Joan is an academic renowned for his publications and his political engagement. A specialist in public policy and urban issues, he has published widely on the Commons and on the new municipalism. He is one of the artisans of Barcelona in Comú and has just been elected to the coordinating body of the new space named recently « Catalunya en comú ».</i></p></blockquote>
<h3>The Genesis of a New Political Subject</h3>
<p><b>NT —</b> Tell us about the trajectory of the development of this new initiative: a lot of people link it to the 15-M, but I imagine that it was more complex than that and started long before.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4740" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Joan_Subirats_2013_cropped.jpg" alt="Joan_Subirats_2013_(cropped)" width="423" height="526" /><br />
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AJoan_Subirats_2013_(cropped).jpg">By Directa (youtube) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons</a></p>
<p><b>JS —</b> At the outset there was Guanyem, which was in fact the beginning of Barcelona en Comú: the first meetings were in February-March 2014. Who was involved? this is quite simultaneous with the decision by Podemos to compete in the European Parliament elections in May 2014. Podemos organises in February 2014; Guanyem begins organising in February- March 2014 to compete in the municipal elections of May 2015.</p>
<p>Going farther back, there is a phase of intense social mobilisation against austerity policies between 2011 and 2013. If we look at the statistics of the Ministry of the Interior on the number of demonstrations, it is impressive, there were never as many demonstrations as during that period, but after mid-2013 they start to taper off. There is a feeling that there are limits and that demonstrations can’t obtain the desired changes in a situation where the right-wing Popular Party (PP) holds an absolute majority. So the debate emerges within the social movements as to whether it’s a good idea to attempt to move into the institutions.</p>
<p>Podemos chooses the most accessible scenario, that of the European elections, because these elections have a single circonscription, so all of Spain is a single riding, with a very high level of proportionality, so with few votes you get high representation because there are 60-some seats, so with one million votes they obtained 5 seats. And people vote more freely in these elections because apparently the stakes are not very high, so they are elections that are good for testing strategies. In contrast, here in Barcelona, we chose the municipal elections as the central target because here there is a long history of municipalism.</p>
<p>So this sets the stage for the period that began in 2014 with Guanyem and Podemos and the European elections and in May 2015 with the municipal elections where in 4 of the 5 major cities – Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Zaragoza – alternative coalitions win that are not linked to either of the two major political parties (PP and the Socialist Party – PSOE) that have dominated the national political scene since the return to democracy in 1977. And in the autonomous elections<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>, a new political cycle also begins, in which we still are. If we go farther back, to 2011 – there are a couple of maps that show the correlation between the occupation of plazas in the 15-M with the number of alternative citizen canadidacies at the municipal level.</p>
<p>So Podemos and all the alternative citizen coalitions all refer to the 15M as their founding moment. But the 15M is not a movement, it was a moment, an event. You must have heard the joke about the stranger who arrives and wants to talk to the 15M – but there is no 15M, it has no spokespersons and no address. But everyone considers it very important because it transformed the political scene in its wake . But what was there before the 15M?</p>
<p>There were basically 4 major trends that converged in the 15-M :<br />
First the anti-globalisation movement, the oldest one, very interesting because a large number of the new political leaders have come out of it, with forms of political mobilisation different from the traditional ones.</p>
<p>Then there was the « Free Culture Forum » linked to issues regarding internet which was very important here in Barcelona – with Simona Levy and Gala Pin, who is now a municipal councillor – that is important because here digital culture, network culture, was present from the very beginning, something that didn’t occur in other places.</p>
<p>The third movement was the PAH (Platform for People Affected by Mortgages) which emerges in 2009 and had precedents with Ada Colau and others who organised « V for vivienda » (like the film « V for vendetta », but in this case vivienda – housing), an attempt to demonstrate that young people were excluded from social emancipation because they didn’t have access to housing. Their slogan was « you’ll never have a house in your whole f’king life ». And the forms of mobilisation were also very new, for example, they occupied IKEA because at that time IKEA’s advertising slogan was « the independent republic of your home », so they occupied it and slept in the beds there. So this was more youthful, alternative, more of a rupture, but then in 2009 with the creation of the PAH they started to try to connect with the immigrant sector and people who were losing their houses because of the mortgage hype, it was very important because it’s the movement that tries to connect with sectors outside of youth: the poor, immigrants, working class… with the slogan ‘this is not a crisis, it’s a sting’. So the PAH is very important because it’s the movement that connects with sectors of the population outside of youth: workers, immigrants, the elderly… For example, here in Plaza Catalunya in 2011 the only major poster rallying people who weren’t youth was that of the PAH.</p>
<p>And the fourth movement – the most ‘authentic’ 15M one – was that of the « Youth without future ». People who organised mainly in Madrid, typical middle-class university sector with post-grad studies, who suddenly realised that they wouldn’t find jobs, that it wasn’t true that their diplomas would open doors for them, they were in a precarious situation.</p>
<p>So those were the four major currents that converged in the basis of the 15M. But what made it ‘click’ was not just those 4 trends, but the fact that huge numbers of other people recognised the moment and converged on the plazas and overwhelmed the movements that started it. The most surprising thing about the moment was that those 4 movements – that were not all that important – were rapidly overwhelmed by success of the movement they started and new people who spontaneously joined. That was what really created the phenomenon, because if it had been just those 4 movements, if it had been like ‘Nuit debout’ in Paris where people occupied the plaza but without the sensation that people had steamrollered the leaders. So, when the plazas are evacuated, the idea becomes ‘Let’s go to the neighbourhoods’. So all of a sudden, in the neighbourhoods of Barcelona and Madrid, assemblies were organised where there was a mixture of the old neighbourhood associations that were no longer very active and whose members were older (my generation) and new people who brought new issues like ecology, energy, bicycle transport, cooperatives, water and a thousand different things and who created new spaces of articulation where people who had never thought that they would meet in the neighbourhoods began to converge.</p>
<p>I think this explains the re-emergence of municipalism that followed: people begin to see the city as a place where diverse social changes can be articulated on a territorial basis: many mobilisations are taking place in isolation, in a parallel manner and don’t have a common meeting-point. Water as a common good, energy transition, sustainable transport, public health, public space, infant education… All of a sudden there was something that brought people together which was to discuss the city, the city we want – David Harvey mentions in an article that the modern-day factory is the city. That is, we no longer have factories, the city is now the space where conflicts appear and where daily life becomes politicised: issues like care, food, schooling, transport, energy costs – and this creates a new space for articulating these issues that hadn’t been previously envisaged.</p>
<p>So I think this is the connection : 15-M as a moment of overwhelming, the end of a cycle of mobilisation – remember that there had been a petition of a million and a half signatures to change the mortgage legislation, that Ada Colau presented in the national Congress, where she accused the PP deputies of being assassins because of what they were doing – but that mobilisation had no effect in the law. A PP deputy declared ‘If these people want to change things, then they should get elected’. So people started thinking ‘OK, if that’s the way it is, then let’s get ourselves elected’. This is the initial change of cycle in 2014. So the 4 movements were present in the meetings of Guanyem and BComun, as well as some progressive intellectuals and people from other issue areas like water, transport, energy etc. That was the initial nucleus here in Barcelona – in Madrid it was different. There the Podemos generation had a different logic. Here, from the beginning, we wanted to create a movement from the bottom up and to avoid a logic of coalition of political parties, this was very clear from the outset. We didn’t want to reconstruct the left on the basis of an agreement amongst parties. We wanted to build a citizen movement that could impose its own conditions on the parties. In the case of Podemos it was different: it was a logic of a strike from above – they wanted to create a strong close-knit group with a lot of ideas in a very short period and as a result an electoral war machine that can assault the heavens and take power. Here, on the other hand, we foresaw a longer process of construction of a movement where we would start with the municipalities and after that, we’ll see.</p>
<p>So Guanyem was created in June 2014, 11 months prior to the municipal elections, with a minimal program in 4 points:</p>
<ol>
<li>we said, we want to take back the city, it’s is being taken away from the citizens, people come here to talk about a ‘business-friendly global city’ and they are taking it away from the citizens, we have lost the capacity to control it, as the first point;</li>
<li>there is a social emergency where many problems don’t get a response;</li>
<li>we want people to be able to have decision-making capacity in what happens in the city, so co-production of policy, more intense citizen participation in municipal decisions;</li>
<li>moralisation of politics. Here the main points are non-repetition of mandates, limits on salaries of elected officials, anti-corruption and transparency measures, etc.</li>
</ol>
<p>So we presented this in June 2014 and we decided that we would give ourselves until September to collect 30,000 signatures in support of the manifesto and if we succeeded, we would present candidates in the municipal elections. In one month we managed to get the 30,000 signatures! Besides getting the signatures on internet and in person, we held a lot of meetings in the neighbourhoods to present the manifesto – we held about 30 or 40 meetings like that, some of them small, some more massive, where we went to the neighbourhoods and we said « We thought of this, what do you think? We thought of these priorities, etc’. » So, in September of 2014 we decided to go ahead; once we decided that we would present a slate, we began to discuss with the parties – but with the strength of all that support of 30,000 people backing us at the grassroots, so our negotiating strength with respect to the parties was very different. In Dec 2014 we agreed with the parties to create Barcelona en Comun – we wanted to call it Guanyem but someone else had already registered the name, so there was a lot of discussion about a new name, there were various proposals: Revolucion democratica, primaria democratica, the term Comu – it seemed interesting because it connected with the Commons movement, the idea of the public which is not restricted to the institutional and that was key. It was also important that in the previous municipal elections in 2011 only 52% of people had voted, in the poorer neighbourhoods a higher number of people abstained and that it was in the wealthier neighbourhoods where a larger proportion of people had voted. So we wanted to raise participation by 10% in the poor neighbourhoods more affected by the crisis and we thought that would allow us to win. And that was what happened. In 2015, 63% voted, but in the poor areas 40% more people voted. In the rich areas, the same people voted as before.</p>
<p>So it was not impossible to think we could win. And from the beginning the idea was to win. We did not build this machine in order to participate, we built it in order to win. We didn’t want to be the opposition, we wanted to govern. And as a result, it was close, because we won 11 of 41 seats, but got the most votes so we head the municipal council, the space existed. From the moment Guanyem was created in June 2014, other similar movements began to be created all over Spain – in Galicia, in Andalucia, in Valencia, Zaragoza, Madrid… One of the advantages we have in Barcelona is that we have Ada Colau, which is a huge advantage, because a key thing is to have an uncontested leader who can articulate all the segments of the movement – ecologists, health workers, education professionals…. If you don’t have that it’s very difficult, and also the sole presence of Ada Colau explains many things. In Madrid they found Manuela Carmena, who is great as an anti-franquista symbol, with her judicial expertise, very popular but who didn’t have that tradition of articulating movements, and as a result now they are having a lot more problems of political coordination than here.</p>
<h3>A New Political Subject for a New Political Era</h3>
<p><b>AA —</b> So now Catalunya en comu defines itself as a new political space on the left for the whole of Catalonia. But in recent Catalan history that’s nothing really new: there have been numerous political coalitions on the left, such as the PSUC<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> in 1936 followed by many others. So what is different about this initiative?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> If we open up our perspective and look at things more globally, I think that what justifies the idea that this is a new political space is the fact that the moment is new, we’re in a new phase so it’s very important to understand that if this new political moment reproduces the models and the conceptual paradigms of the old left and of the Fordism of the end of the 20th century, we won’t have moved ahead at all. The crisis of social democracy is also a crisis of a way of understanding social transformation with codes that no longer exist. As a result the measure of success of this new political space is not so much in to what extent it can bring together diverse political forces, but rather its capacity to understand this new scenario we find ourselves in – a scenario where digital transformation is changing everything, where we no longer know what ‘labour’ is, where heterogeneity and social diversity appear as factors not of complexity but of values, where the structure of age no longer functions as it used to – where everything is in transformation, so we can no longer continue to apply ideas – to use a phrase coined by Ulrich Beck – ‘zombie concepts’, living dead, no?, we forge ahead with our backpacks full of 20th-century concepts, applying them to realities that no longer have anything to do with them. It’s easy to see the defects of the old, traditional concepts, but it’s very difficult to construct new ones because we don’t really know what is happening nor where we are headed. The example of the debate in France between Valls and Hamon – at least, I read the summary in Le Monde, where Valls maintained that it would be possible to come back to a situation of full employment and Hamon said that is impossible, that it’s necessary to work towards the universal basic income; in the end, Hamon is closer to the truth than Valls, but Hamon isn’t capable of explaining it in a credible way – and it is very difficult to explain it in a credible way.</p>
<p>Here, we are working at one and the same time on the Commons and the non-institutional public sphere, we are demanding greater presence of the public administration when probably it wouldn’t really be necessary, but since we don’t have a clear idea of how to construct this new thing, we are still acting sort of like slaves of the old. So that’s where I think the concept of the Commons, of the cooperative, the collaborative, new ideas regarding the digital economy, are more difficult to structure, because we’re also conscious that capitalism is no longer only industrial or financial but now it’s digital capitalism, and it controls all the networks of data transmission and at the same time the data themselves, probably the wealth of the future. So, sure we can do really interesting things in Barcelona, out of Barcelona en Comun, but we have GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft), and GAFAM has its own logics and that complicates things. So we have to create a new political subject – and it’s obvious that we need something new – but what isn’t so obvious is what are the concepts we need to create this new subject. So if you look at the documents published by Un Pais en Comu<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> that’s what you’ll see: a bit of different language, a different way of using concepts, but at the same time a trace of the heritage of the traditional left. The journal ‘Nous Horitzons’ has just published a new issue on ‘Politics in Common’<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> which brings together a lot of these elements. The impression that some of us had in the assembly the other day in Vall d’Hebron (the inaugural assembly of the movement) was that the old ways were still weighing us down, that there was a difficulty to generate an innovative dynamic.</p>
<p><b>NT —</b> That was clear in the composition of the audience.</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Yes, well, the Podemos people weren’t there, of course… they didn’t come for various reasons, because probably not everybody was in agreement with Albano-Dante<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> but they saw there was a lot of disagreement and so they preferred not to come, and that’s a type of public that, as well as filling the hall, also changes the type of dynamic – so it was more the traditional-style organisations that were there (Iniciativa or EUIA<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>), there was more of the old than the new probably. Perhaps that’s inevitable, but what we have to do now is to see if we can change that dynamic.</p>
<p><b>AA —</b> When one reads the ‘Ideario politico’ (the political project of Un Pais en Comu) it’s a sort of lesson in political economy, political philosophy as well, but also a vast programme, and the left has never put forward this type of Commons-inspired programme before, be it in Catalunya or in Spain or probably internationally. How do you see its contribution in the context of the Commons ecosystem? There have been experiences of the Commons without the Commons label, as in Latin America …</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Yes, in Catalunya the anarcho-sindicalist movement…</p>
<p><b>AA —</b> Of course, but more recently, the idea of ‘Buen Vivir’ …</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Yes, but when you go to Latin America and you talk about that, it all revolves around the State. But here, we try not to be state-centric. We are trying to avoid the idea that the only possible transformation needs to depend on the State.</p>
<p><b>AA —</b> But in the ‘Ideario’ a lot of discussion is devoted to public services as well, this implies that the State has to exist. And in the Commons vocabulary there is the concept of the ‘partner-state’, but it doesn’t appear in the Ideario…</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Yes, there’s a margin there: the resilience of the new politics depends more on the capacity to create ‘muscled’ collective spaces – public, collective, common – than on the occupation of the institutions. But without the occupation of the institutions, it’s very difficult to construct those spaces. The example that comes to mind for me is from Copenhagen: there it was the cooperatives of the workers’ unions that built the big housing coops that exist now; also, the municipal government when the left was in power built a lot of public housing; then when a right-wing government came to power, it privatised all the public housing but it couldn’t privatise the cooperatives. So in the end, things that are strictly state-based are more vulnerable than when you build collective strength. So if we are able to benefit from these spaces in order to build ‘collective muscle’, using our presence in the institutions, this will end up being more resilient, more stable over time than if we put all our eggs in the State basket. So the Barcelona city government has civic social centres that are municipal property, but what is important is to succeed in ensuring that these centres are controlled by the community, that each community make them its own despite the fact that the property is officially that of the municipality, but they must be managed through a process of community management. So you need to build in the community a process of appropriation of institutions that ends up being stronger than if it were all in the hands of the State.</p>
<p>Now we are discussing citizen heritage, how the city government can use its property – houses, buildings – and it can cede them for a certain period in order to construct collective spaces. For example, 8 building sites that belong to the municipality have been put up for auction on 100-year leases for community organisations to build housing cooperatives. This doesn’t take property away from the public sphere and at the same time it generates collective strength. But a certain sector of the political left here, the CUP, criticises this as privatisation of public space. They think Barcelona en Comun should build public housing instead, state-owned housing. That’s a big difference. And people are aware of that, but at the same time there are doubts about whether this makes sense, whether there is sufficient strength within the community so that this can work. Or, for example, the most common criticism is that “you have an idea of the public, the collective, the Commons, that implies capacities in the community that are only present in the middle classes that have the knowledge, the organisational capacity… so it’s a very elitist vision of the collective because the popular sectors, without the backing of the State, won’t be able to do this. » Well, we’re going to try to combine things so it can work, but we don’t want to keep converting the public into the ‘state’.</p>
<p>Nancy Fraser wrote an article on the triple movement – looking at Polanyi’s work on the ‘double movement’ in the Great Transformation, that is the movement towards mercantilisation, and the opposite movement it stimulated towards protection. Polanyi talks about the confrontation of these 2 movements in the early 20th century, and the State – in its soviet form or in its fascist form – as a protectionist response of society which demands protection when faced with the uncertainty, the fragility the double movement engenders. Nancy Fraser says that all that is true, but we’re no longer in the 20th century, we’re in the 21st century where factors like individual emancipation, diversity, feminism are all very important – so we shouldn’t be in favour of a protectionist movement that continues to be patriarchal and hierarchical. We need a movement for protection that generates autonomy – and there resides what I think is one of the keys of the Commons movement. The idea of being able to get protection – so, a capacity of reaction against the dynamics of the market attacks – without losing the strength of diversity, of personal emancipation, of feminism, the non-hierarchical, the non-patriarchal, the idea that somebody decide for me what I need to do and how I will be protected. Let me self-protect myself too, let me be a protagonist too of this protection. And this is contradictory with the state-centric tradition.</p>
<h3>A Commons Economy, Participation and Co-production of Policy</h3>
<p><b>AA —</b> The first theme of the ‘Ideario’ is the economy – you are an economist, amongst other things – how do you see this proposal in terms of the Commons? For example, there is a lot of discussion now about ‘open cooperativism’, etc. What you were saying about the cooperative movement here, that it is very strong but not sufficient…</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> In some aspects no. For example, the city wanted to open a new contract for communications (telephone, internet) – now there are the big companies Telefonica, Movistar, Vodafone, Orange, etc: there’s a cooperative called ‘Som Connexion’ (We are connection)- or ‘Som Energia’ (We are energy) that’s a lot bigger – it has 40,000 members – but these cooperatives, it would be fantastic if the city were to give them the contract for energy or for communication, but they aren’t capable of managing that at the moment. So if they take it, we’d all have big problems: faulty connections, lack of electrical power – because they’re growing for sure but they don’t yet have the ‘muscle’, the capacity they need to take this on.</p>
<p>So we have to continue investing in this, it’s not going to take care of itself. On the other hand, in other areas, like home services for the elderly, we do have very strong cooperatives, Abacus for example is a cooperative for book distribution that has 800 000 members, so that is a coop that’s very powerful, and there are others. But in general, the more powerful the coop, the less politicised it is – they tend to transform themselves into big service companies. But now they are understanding that perhaps it would be in their interest to have a different vision; there has been a very politicised movement in the grassroots level coops that is contradictory with the entrepreneurial trend in the big coops. So we’re in this process right now: yes, there are very big, very strong coops and there are also smaller, more political ones but they don’t have sufficient muscle yet.</p>
<p><b>AA —</b> When we look at issues of participation, co-production of policy and such, it is also a question of culture, a culture of co-production that doesn’t exist. In the neighbourhoods, yes there is a trend to revamping participation, but when we talk to people in the local-level committees they say ‘Sure, people come to the meetings, but because they want a tree planted here…’ and they don’t have that vision of co-creation. So first there has to be a sort of cultural revolution ?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> There are places where there has been a stronger community tradition that could well converge with this. Some neighbourhoods like Roquetes for example, Barceloneta or Sants, have very strong associational traditions. If you go to Roquetes to the meeting of the community plan, everybody is there: the people from the primary medical services centre, the doctors, the schools are there, the local police, the social workers – and they hold meetings every 2 weeks and they know everything that goes on in the area, and they transfer cases amongst themselves: “we detected this case, how do we deal with it?” etc. The community fabric in those neighbourhoods functions really well. So what can you add to that fabric so that it can go a bit further? On the other hand, in other neighbourhoods like Ciutat Meridiana, in 5 years 50% of the population has changed, so it’s very difficult to create community where the level of expulsion or change is so high. In Sants, in Ca Batlló, there was a very interesting experience where people want to create a cooperative neighbourhood – it’s a bit polemical – they want to create a public school without using public funds, instead using money from the participants themselves, because the coop tradition in Sants is very anarchist, libertarian – so they promote the idea of a public school, open to all, but not using public funds. And it would have its own educational philosophy, that wouldn’t have to submit to standard educational discipline. And groups have appeared in different neighbourhoods dedicated to shared child-raising where there are no pre-schools for children between 0 and 3 years, or people prefer not to take the kids to public pre-schools because they find them too rigid, so they prefer generating relationships amongst parents. So what should the role of the city government be with respect to such initiatives? Should it facilitate or not? There’s a debate about how to position the municipality with respect to these initiatives that are interesting but then when, inside Barcelona en Comú or Catalunya en Comú, the person who is in charge of these issues comes with a more traditional union perspective and says “This is crazy, what we need to do is to create public schools with teachers who are professional civil servants. These experiments are fine for gentrified zones, but in reality…’” And they are partly right. So we’re in that sort of situation, which is a bit ambivalent. We’re conscious that we need to go beyond a state-centric approach, but at the same time we need to be very conscious that if we don’t reinforce the institutional role, the social fragilities are very acute.</p>
<h3>The Commons and Issues of Sovereignty, Interdependence and the « Right to Decide »</h3>
<p><b>AA —</b> Another high-profile issue is that of sovereignty. The way it’s presented in the Ideario is criticised both by those who want a unified Spain and by those who want Catalan independence. Sovereignty is simply another word for independence in the view of many people. But the way it’s presented in the Ideario is more complex and comprehensive, linked to autonomy at every level …</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Exactly: it’s plural, in lower case and plural: sovereignties. The idea is a bit like what I said earlier about the city, that we want to take back the city. We want to recover the collective capacity to decide over what affects us. So it’s fine to talk about the sovereignty of Catalonia, but we also need to talk about digital sovereignty, water sovereignty, energy sovereignty, housing sovereignty – sovereignty in the sense of the capacity to decide over that which affects us. So we don’t have to wait until we have sovereignty over Catalonia in order to grapple with all this. And this has obvious effects: for example, something we are trying to develop here: a transit card that would be valid on all forms of public transit – like the “Oyster” in London, and many other cities have them – an electronic card that you can use for the train, the metro, the bus: the first thing the Barcelona city government did on this was to ask the question “Who will own the data? “. That’s sovereignty. The entity that controls the data on who moves and how in metropolitan Barcelona has an incredible stock of information with a clear commercial value. So will it belong to the company that incorporates the technology? or will the data belong to the municipality and the municipality will do with it what it needs? At the moment, they are installing digital electricity metres and digital water metres: but to whom do the data belong? because these are public concessions, concessions to enterprises in order that they provide a public service – so who owns the data?</p>
<p>This is a central issue. And it is raised in many other aspects, like food sovereignty. So, we want to ensure that in the future Barcelona be less dependent on the exterior for its food needs, as far as possible. So you need to work to obtain local foodstuffs, control over the products that enter – and that implies food sovereignty, it implies discussing all this. So, without saying that the sovereignty of Catalonia isn’t important, we need to discuss the other sovereignties. Because, suppose we attain the sovereignty of Catalonia as an independent state, but we are still highly dependent in all the other areas. We need to confront this. I don’t think it’s a way of avoiding the issue, it’s a way of making it more complex, of understanding that today the Westphalian concept of State sovereignty no longer makes much sense. I think we all agree on that. We are very interdependent, so how do we choose our interdependencies? That would be real sovereignty, not to be independent because that’s impossible, but rather how to better choose your interdependencies so that they have a more public content.</p>
<p><b>AA —</b> Talking of interdependence, there is the issue as well of internationalism. Barcelona en Comú puts a lot of emphasis on that, saying ‘There is no municipalism without internationalism’ etc. From the very outset of her mandate, Ada Colau in 2015 in her inaugural speech as mayor said that ‘we will work to build a movement of cities of the Mediterranean’, and as time goes on the approach is becoming clearer, for example with the participation of Colau and the vice-mayor Gerardo Pisarello in the major international city conferences. What do you see as the importance of this internationalism within the Commons ecosystem?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> There are 2 key aspects for me. First, cities are clearly the most global political space and zone of social convergence that exists. Apparently when we talk about cities we’re talking about something local, but cities are actually very globalised. Benjamin Barber wrote a book about ‘Why Mayors should govern the world’. And he set out an example I think is very good: if the mayor of Montreal meets with Ada and the mayor of Nairobi and the mayor of Santiago de Chile and the mayor of say Hong-Kong, after 5 minutes together they’ll all be talking about the same things. Because the problems of cities are very similar from one place to another despite their different sizes. Questions of energy, transport, water, services, food… If we try to imagine that same meeting between Heads of State, the complexity of the political systems, cultural traditions, constitutional models and all will mean that the challenge of coming to a common understanding will be much more complex. That doesn’t mean that cities are the actors that will resolve climate change, but certainly the fact that Oslo, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, Barcelona and Paris agree that in 2025 there will no longer be cars circulating that use diesel will have more impact than a meeting of Heads of State. With AirBnB Barcelona is in constant confrontation, the city has fined them 600 000 euros, but Barcelona on its own can’t combat AirBnB. But New York, Paris, London, Amsterdam and Barcelona have come to an agreement to negotiate jointly with AirBnb: those 5 cities together can negotiate with them. But it isn’t the problem for States, it’s much more a problem for cities than for States. And AirBnB uses digital change to enter spaces where there is a lack of precision – it’s what happens too with Uber, Deliveroo and other platforms of so-called ‘collaborative economy’, which is really extractive economy, but which use the reglamentary voids. The people who work for Uber or Deliveroo aren’t employees, they are independent entrepreneurs but they work in 19th century conditions. Tackling this problem from the level of the city can produce new solutions.</p>
<p>I think when we decided in 2014-2015 to attempt to work at the municipal level in Barcelona, we were aware that Barcelona isn’t just any city: Barcelona has an international presence and we wanted to use Barcelona’s international character to exert an influence on urban issues worldwide. Ada Colau participated in the Habitat conference in Quito in October 2016, before that in the meeting of local authorities in Bogota, she is now co-president of the World Union of Municipalities. So there’s an investment that didn’t start just with us but that started in the period when Maragall<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> was mayor, a very high investment by Barcelona in participating in this international sphere of cities. This reinforces Barcelona in its confrontations with the State and with private enterprise as well. It plays an important role. There is an international commission within Barcelona en Comú, they are constantly working with other world cities – they have been in France, they have a strong link with Grenoble and will be going to a meeting of French cities in September to talk about potential collaboration, they often go to Italy, they’ve gone to Belgrade, to Poland. In June they’re organising a meeting of Fearless Cities, with the participation of many mayors from major cities in Europe and around the world.<br />
So there is a very clear vision of the global aspect. So the global dimension is very present, and at the level of Spain as well. The problem there is that there is political interference, for example in Madrid, which is very important as a city, but within the municipal group “Ahora Madrid” they’re very internally divided, so sometimes you speak to one and the others don’t like it. We have really good relations with Galicia: A Coruña and Santiago de Compostela, also with Valencia, but Valencia also has its own dynamic. Zaragoza. Each city has its own dynamic, so sometimes it’s complicated to establish on-going relations.</p>
<p><b>AA —</b> What about Cadiz?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Of course, Cadiz is also part of this trend, but the group there is part of the Podemos anti-capitalist faction, so there are nuances.</p>
<p><b>NT —</b> You mentioned 2 points regarding internationalism…</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Yes, first there was the general global perspective on cities and the second is Barcelona’s own concrete interest. So the first is more global, that is, any city in the world today has many more possibilities if it looks at its strategic global role and if it wants to strengthen its position, it has to work on the global level. In the case of Barcelona specifically, there is also a will that’s partly traditional, because it was begun by Maragall, you have to remember that here in Barcelona there are 10 districts, and during the war of the Balkans, Maragall created District 11, which was Sarajevo: city technicians went to Sarajevo to work with them, and still today there are municipal technicians who travel regularly to Gaza to work there, or with La Havana – in other words there’s a clearly established internationalist stance in the municipality. Also, the headquarters of the World Union of Local Governments is in Barcelona. The international headquarters of Educating Cities is in Barcelona, so there has constantly been a will to be present on the international scene since Maragall, and now this is continuing but with a new orientation as well. Perhaps there used to be the idea of exporting the Barcelona model, branding Barcelona, but that is no longer the case.<br />
There’s very intense organisation globally, probably if Ada accepted all the invitations she receives, she’d be travelling all the time.</p>
<p><b>AA —</b> Coming back to the issue of sovereignty vs independence and “the right to decide”, how does this play out?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> The issue of independence is internally very complex with different positions. I think there is a general agreement on 3 things, ie:</p>
<ol>
<li>Catalonia has its own demos and therefore is a political subject which must be recognised,</li>
<li>it has to be able to decide how to articulate itself with the other political subjects in Spain and in Europe, it has to have the right, the capacity to decide;</li>
<li>this requires the construction of a State of its own.</li>
</ol>
<p>It is on the fourth point that we are not in agreement: whether that State should be independent or whether it should be in some way linked, allied, confederated with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula or with Europe. These 3 initial points are sufficiently important and they are the basis for the fact that Catalunya en Comú or Barcelona en Comú is part of the broad sovereigntist space in Catalonia. What it isn’t part of is the independentist space in Catalonia. Despite the fact that I would say some 30-40% of the members are pro-independence, but the rest not. And that is an issue which divides us. But what we are trying to do is to work out this debate on the basis of our own criteria, not on those of other movements. The criteria of the others are ‘you are independentist or you are not independentist’. Our own criteria are: yes, we are sovereigntists, we discuss sovereignties and we’ll see. Since we agree on what is the most important (that is – an autonomous political subject, the right to decide, an autonomous State), let’s discuss how we can articulate. We have fraternal relations with 4 million people in the rest of Spain who agree with us on the first 3 criteria. So the key question probably would be: Does Catalonia want to separate from the rest of Spain or from this Spain? The standard response would be “We have never known any other. We’ve always seen the same Spain, so there is no other Spain”. So the debate we can have is over “Yes, another Spain is possible”. Sort of like the debate right now over whether to leave Europe: do we want to leave Europe of leave this Europe? But is another Europe possible or not?</p>
<h3>The Challenges of Scale</h3>
<p><b>NT —</b> I am struck by the fact that every time we refer to the initiative of Catalunya en Comú, you respond by giving the example of what’s happening in Barcelona: do you see Barcelona as the model for Un Pais en Comú?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> No, it’s not that it’s the model, there is even some reticence within Barcelona en Comú that this new political initiative may have negative consequences for Barcelona en Comú. The Barcelona in Comú experiment has worked really well: within BeC political parties continue to exist (Podemos, Iniciativa, EUIA, Guanyem) and all agree that it’s necessary to create this subject, because it’s clear – there’s a phrase by a former mayor of Vitoria in the Basque country who said “Where my capacities end, my responsibilities begin” – that is, clearly, cities are developing roles that are more and more important, but their capacities continue to be very limited and especially their resources are very limited – so there’s an imbalance between capacities and responsibilities. Between what cities could potentially do and what they really can do. Refuge-cities – a thousand things. So within Barcelona en Comú there is an understanding of the interest of creating Catalunya en Comú in order to have influence in other levels of government. And to present candidates in elections in Spain with En Comú Podem because to be represented in Madrid is also important. But of course, sometimes this expansion can make us lose the most original aspect, that is the emphasis on municipalism, in the capacity to create these spaces – so there’s a certain tension. And obviously, when you go outside Barcelona in Catalonia, the local and territorial realities are very different, you find… you no longer control what kind of people are joining and so you can end up with surprises – good and bad ones – so there are some doubts, some growing pains. You have to grow, but how will that affect what we have so far? our ways of working and all that… I always refer to Barcelona en Comú because we have existed for longer, we have a sort of ‘tradition’ in the way we work, and on the contrary, the other day we held the founding assembly of Catalunya en Comú and – where are we headed? how long will we be able to maintain the freshness, avoid falling into the traditional vices of political parties? Xavi (Domenech) is a very good candidate, he has what I call a Guanyem DNA, but it’s not evident that we can pull this through. That’s the doubt.</p>
<p><b>NT —</b> How do you assess the results of the founding assembly of Catalunya en Comú? Are you happy with what came out of it?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Yes, I’m satisfied, although I don’t think the results were optimal, but we are squeezed by a political calendar that we don’t control. It’s very probable that there will be elections this year in Catalonia, so if that happens… what would have been preferable? To reproduce the Barcelona en Comú model, take more time and work more from the bottom up, hold meetings throughout the territory – we did hold about 70 or 80, but a lot more would have been better – do things more slowly and look around, build links with local movements, the same ones as in Barcelona but on the level of Catalonia – energy, water, etc: reconstruct the same process. But sure, they’re going to call elections or a referendum in 2 days. What is clear is that we can’t do the same thing as with ‘Catalunya si que es pot’<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>, which was a coalition but it didn’t work. So all this has meant that the process – despite the fact that I think it has been carried out well, is not optimal: within the realm of the possible, I think it was done with great dignity.</p>
<p><b>NT —</b> And with respect to the deliberative process that was used to arrive at the final document?</p>
<p><b>JS —</b> Basically the same thing: it could have been done better, with deeper debates in each area, it was done very quickly, a lot of issues in a short period of time. The task was very complex, and I think the result is worthy. We tried to avoid standardised jargon and parameters, to make it a bit different. So now we’ll see – yesterday the Executive met for the first time, and on May 13 will be the first meeting of the coordinating group of 120 people<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>. So we’ll have to see how this all is gotten underway. I am not convinced that it will all be functional in time for the Catalan elections, for me the key date is May 2019 which are the next municipal elections. Then we’ll see if this has really jelled and if we can have a significant presence throughout the territory. This territorial vision is very important in order to avoid a top-down construction. The key thing in Catalonia is to do it with dignity and not to become entrapped in this dual logic of independence or not, to be capable of bringing together a social force that is in that position.</p>
<div class="" style="font-size: .8em;">
<p>NOTES</p>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Autonomous elections are those held in the 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain created by the 1978 Constitution. Catalunya is one of them.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia or PSUC: Founded in 1936, it allied the main parties of the Catalan left around the Communist Party. It was dissolved in 1987.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">« A country in common ». The process, carried out in a transparent and well-documented manner, began with a negotiation with certain left-wing parties and movements, and encouraged discussion and new proposals at popular assemblies throughout the region and in online discussion open to the public. More than 3,000 people participated in 70 assemblies and more than 1,700 proposals and amendments were made online with the webpage registering nearly 130,000 hits. The Assembly discussed and voted on the various amendments and agreed on a transitional structure composed of a coordinating body of 120 members and an executive committee of 33 members, each with a one-year mandate to propose an ethical code, statutes, an organizational structure and political options in the unfolding conjuncture. </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">« La Politica de Comù » in Nous horitzons (New Horizons) No. 215, 2017. Originally titled Horitzons, the magazine was founded in 1960 in clandestinity and published in Catalan abroad by intellectuals linked to the PSUC. It has been published in Catalonia since 1972. It recently opened its pages to other progressive political tendencies. </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albano Dante Fachin, member of the Catalan parliament, is the head of Podem (the Catalan wing of the Podemos party). He opposed the participation of his party in the constituent assembly of Un Pais en Comù thus creating a crisis in the ranks of Podemos at both the Catalan and national levels. Party leader Pablo Iglesias did not disown him, but delegated his national second-in-command Pablo Echenique to represent him in the assembly. </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coalitions of the Catalan left since the transition period of the 1970s have been numerous and complex for the uninitiated. « Iniciativa for Catalonia Verts » dates from 1995 and was composed of the Green party with Iniciativa for Catalonia, itself a 1987 coalition of the left parties around the PSUC and the former Catalan Communist Party. EUIA (United and Alternative Left) is another coalition in 1998 which includes the first two and all the small parties of the radical left. EUIA is the Catalan branch of Izquierda Unida (United Left) the new name of the Spanish Communist Party. </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pasqual Maragall, member and later president of the Catalan Socialist Party, became mayor of Barcelona in 1982 with the support of the elected members of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC). He remained in this position for almost 15 years without ever having a majority in the municipal council. He then became President of the Catalan government in 2003.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Catalunya Sí que es Pot (CSQP, « Yes Catalonia Is Possible ») is a left-wing coalition created in view of the Catalan elections in the autumn of 2015. Barcelona en Comù, itself a municipal coalition, was elected in May 2015 but decided not to run in the autonomous elections. </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The election result was no surprise: ‘A country in common’ founder Xavier Domenech will preside the Executive Committee and Ada Colau, the current mayor of Barcelona, is president of the coordinating body. The membership, via an internet vote, chose on May 20 a new name preferring « Catalunya en Comù » to « En Comú podem », thus distinguishing itself from the 2015 Catalan coalition with Podemos, also called « En comu podem » and signalling a reinforcement of the « Barcelona en Comù » wing with respect to the supporters of Podemos in the new entity. The rejection of the earlier name ‘Un Pais en Comu’ may also denote a desire to distance itself from a pro-independence stance.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span class="hps">The</span> <span class="hps">world needs</span> <span class="hps">ideas for a better</span> <span class="hps">and sustainable future</span>, <span class="hps">but the ideas</span> <span class="hps">are not enough.</span> <span class="hps">The</span> <span class="hps">Futureperfect</span> <span class="hps">platform is</span> <span class="hps">a virtual</span> <span class="hps">encyclopedia</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">people</span> <span class="hps">taking</span> <span class="hps">initiatives</span><span class="">, organizations</span> <span class="hps">and businesses</span> <span class="hps">who</span> <span class="hps">move from</span> <span class="hps">thinking</span> <span class="hps">to action.</span> Sharing these<span class="hps"> stories</span> <span class="hps">aims to</span> <span class="hps">inform about</span> <span class="hps">alternative lifestyles</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">encourage</span> <span class="hps">civic engagement</span>.</span></p>
<p><span class="hps">The</span> <span class="hps">French</span> <span class="hps">partners of</span> <span class="hps">Futureperfect</span>, the <span class="hps">German</span> <span class="hps">team of FUTURZWEI</span>, activists <span class="hps">and all</span> <span class="hps">interested public</span> <span class="hps">will meet to</span> <span class="hps">discuss</span> <span class="hps">the role of media</span> <span class="hps">in the developpement of</span> <span class="hps">social economy</span> <span class="hps">practices and</span> <span class="hps">sustainable lifestyles</span>.</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="span12 nurText">
<p><a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/futureperfect_visuel_web-debzt-8-octobre-2015.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-4335 size-full" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/futureperfect_visuel_web-debzt-8-octobre-2015.jpg" alt="futureperfect_visuel_web debzt 8 octobre 2015" width="337" height="803" /></a></p>
<p><span class="hps">Debate</span> <span class="hps">part of la Semaine des cultures étrangères</span> <span class="hps">held by the</span> <span class="hps">FICEP</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">in cooperation with the<a href="http://tempsdescommuns.org"> Festival Temps des communs</a></span>.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Barnabé Binctin</strong>, Journaliste <i>Reporterre</i></li>
<li><i><strong>Peter Unfried</strong>, </i>Journaliste <i>TAZ</i></li>
<li><i><strong>Benoit Cassegrain </strong>and<strong> Hélène Legay</strong>,</i> <i>SideWays</i></li>
<li><i><strong>Mathias Lahiani</strong>, </i><i>On passe à l’acte</i></li>
</ul>
<p>Moderated by <strong>Luise Tremel</strong>, FUTURZWEI and <strong>Frédéric Sultan</strong>, <i>Remix the commons </i></p>
</div>
<div class="span12 nurText"> Goethe-Institut Paris</div>
<aside class="span6 artikelspalte nurText">
<div class="teaserBox">
<p class="vkEvent">17 avenue d’Iéna<br />
75116 Paris</p>
</div>
<p>Langage : En français et en allemand<br />
Free entry, registration : <span class="telefon">33 1 44439230 </span></p>
</aside>
</div>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" width="400" height="225" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/VOMWzjrRiBg?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </p>
<p>« There’s no tomorrow » is an cartoon about the exploitation of fossil fuels and natural resources and their impact of human life on the planet. It is directed by Dermot O’ Connor and produced by Incubate Pictures. In 35 minutes, it addresses issues related to the growth of our economic system and how we consume.</p>
<p>Publication : Dermot O’ Connor (35 minutes, 2012). <a href="http://www.idleworm.com">http://www.idleworm.com</a><br />
<a href="http://www.incubatepictures.com">http://www.incubatepictures.com</a> – <a href="http://www.angryanimator.com">http://www.angryanimator.com</a></p>
<p>Information and documentation in the website : <a href="http://sansLendemain.mpOC.be">http://sansLendemain.mpOC.be</a>.</p> +
<p>Spain’s recent municipal and regional elections have transformed the entire political scene. New citizen coalitions with roots in community groups allied with small progressive political parties won unexpected victories in several large cities. This, plus the fact that two new national political parties – Podemos and Ciudadanos – burst decisively onto the political stage in the regional elections, has blocked the bipartisan (PP-PSOE) system created with the 1975 democratic transition. Victorious in 7 major cities throughout the country, including the 3 largest ones (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia), these coalitions open the door to a different sort of transition, questioning the dominant political culture and mentality, and in most cases putting in place minority governments, thus obliging various parties to negotiate joint platforms. It is interesting to note that Podemos, the young political party that made a surprise showing in the 2014 European elections and made strong gains on the regional level this year, decided not to present its own candidates in the municipal elections, but rather participated in or – more frequently – supported the new citizen coalitions in various cities.</p>
<h2>Reinventing Urban Commons for the XXIst Century</h2>
<p>These newcomers to the municipal political scene identifiy with the Commons, and in some cases even include the term in their names : Barcelona en Comù, Zaragoza en Comun… A perusal of their programmes and of the manner in which they were developed demonstrates that this is not simply an empty phrase, but the reference to the Commons introduces instead a new political discourse and horizon and, above all, a new way of ‘doing’ politics. The new candidates-elect come from different social movements and this is their first experience in electoral politics. Their ‘non-parties’ are in general less than a year old but the organisations they come from have held massive mobilisations and won significant local victories. On analysis, the new political culture they aim for is rooted in the tradition of urban struggle now revisited and improved on the basis of the citizen movements that originated in the 2008 financial crisis, the indignados of 2011, and the successive ‘waves’ (mareas) that followed in the housing, health, education, culture and urban ecology sectors. The tradition of self-management and ‘self-government’ often rooted in libertarianism and long known as ‘municipalism’ has been revisited by the culture and practices of the many anti-growth, ecological, alter-globalisation, and cultural movements inspired by the spirit of the Indignados of 2011 with an impressive mastery and intelligent use of new technologies and audiovisual media.</p>
<p>The challenges facing this new municipalism are enormous : the problems are illustrated by the findings of two international reports revealed immediately following the May 24 elections. The firsti underlined the explosion of the level of poverty since the beginning of the crisis (increase from 9% to 18%) while the secondii demonstrated an increase of 40% of the number of extremely rich during the same period. Adding to the general morosity by reiterating prevailing logic, the IMF seized the occasion, shortly prior to the investiture of the new municipal governments, to congratulate the Spanish government on its ‘encouraging’ economic results while publicly reminding it that it must continue its austerity measures by increasing indirect taxes, cutting health and education budgets still more and lowering wages. What else could be expected from the fans of austerity?</p>
<h2>The Re-dignified Good Life In Common</h2>
<p>But such dire pronouncements do not scathe the confidence of the new mayors whose campaigns were run and programmes built on an anti-austerity stance; they are already putting in place (Barcelona is a good example) some of the measures set out in their plan of attack for affordable housing, food, accessible public utilities and transportation, and a basic living allowance. They are dedicating an unprecedented quantity of resources for municipal governments to these measures in an explicit attempt to counter the ‘de-humanising’ effects of austerity policies and to ‘restore the dignity’ of the most vulnerable. But the declared intentions of the new municipal leaders go far beyond the emergency measures of the first few months of their term. They want to turn their cities into living experiments in promoting an urban Good Life that redefines economic and social policy and municipal responsabilities as well as democratic practices on the municipal but also the regional, national and international levels. In her inaugural speech as Mayor of Barcelona, Ada Colau called for the creation of a ‘network of democratic cities in Southern Europe’.</p>
<h2>Transparency and Participation</h2>
<p>This incipient revolution in political culture and practice is taking place with total transparency, with the creation of a code of ethics, cutting the salaries of the elected representatives and eliminating statutory perks (official cars, per diems, etc) and, above all, by wagering on the collective intelligence and active participation of local citizens. Indeed, many of them have already taken part in the municipal programme by contributing to its elaboration prior to and during the campaign in the many neighbourhood meetings and various ‘crowd-sourcing’ moments on virtual platforms. The resulting highly structured programme remains an open document and is in itself an invitation to participate. The web page of Barcelona en Comù boldly states : ‘The programme you have before you is a programme In Common and, as you can see, that requires a major change from traditional political programmes […] it’s a document that aims to be useful to dialogue amongst citizens.’ iii</p>
<p>During her inauguration ceremony, Ada Colau asserted that ‘it is indispensable to create a new form of governance’, reminding the crowd that she is but ‘one of thousands of neighbours’, that she plans to ‘govern by obeying’ and that if she and her team do not deliver on their programme promises ‘Kick us out!’. The thousands of people watching the ceremony on giant screens in Plaza Sant Jaume greeted her speech with shouts of ‘Yes we can!’ (Si se puede), echoing the slogans of the public meetings held throughout the campaign. In a crowd so dense that she could hardly make her way through, but clearly at ease surrounded by ‘neighbours’, comrades and partisans, Ada slipped into the discourse and manner of the ex-president and activist of the PAHiv. With her charming smile, she declared to the enthusiastic crowd that ‘governing will not be easy but we are not alone’ and called on them to show responsability and to actively participate. She concluded evoking the need for empathy and invited the crowd to organise a demonstration in support of the strking telephone workers of Movistar, present in the crowd, and whose struggle she has supported throughout the campaign. The tone has been set, and indicates that it is not only the Commons but also the spirit of the Indignados movement that has come to City Hall.</p>
<h2>The Realism of the Commons</h2>
<p>In an article titled ‘It’s time for realism’, Josep Ramoneda, columnist for the catalan daily Ara, compared the proposals of Barcelona en Comù to the latest demands of the IMF, demonstrating that the ‘nihilist utopias’ – a label often used by the media and the governing right wing PP party to denigrate progressive alternatives – are instead found in the proposals of the neoliberal hardliners, incapable as they have shown themselves to be of finding a solution to the economic crisis and deepening inequality. He concludes by affirming ‘Let’s be realistic, let us consider the common good’v – a somewhat astonishing comment in this newpaper reputed to be more interested in supporting independence than the Commons. A comment that also reveals that the Commons have come not only to Town Hall, but are emerging in the collective imagination and in political discourse.</p>
<h2>A Living Laboratory, an Invitation to Commoning</h2>
<p>The emerging glocal movement of commoners and their apprentices should observe closely what transpires in this living laboratory of the urban commons. There is a lot to learn from this commons in action about the nature of the commons, the process of commoning and the possible transition to a commons society. This is also a unique opportunity to contribute peer-to-peer with our own experiences and know-how, developed all over the globe in the many different socio-cultural contexts where the Commons are being reinvented in recent years.</p>
<p><strong>Alain Ambrosi, Barcelona, 17 June 2015</strong></p>
<p>1 OECD, May 2015 <a href="http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/employment/in-it-together-why-lne.ess-inequality-benefits-all_9789264235120-en">http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/employment/in-it-together-why-lne.ess-inequality-benefits-all_9789264235120-en</a><br />
2 Capgemini and Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) Wealth Management. Cited in El Pais 17 June 2015.<br />
3 <a href="https://barcelonaencomu.cat">https://barcelonaencomu.cat</a><br />
4 PAH : Plataforma des los afectados por la hipoteca – Platform of those affected by mortgage (ie, against expulsions) created in 2009 in Barcelona and which now counts some 200 member associations in Spain.<br />
5 Ara, 10 June 2015.</p>
<blockquote><p>Afin de nourrir la réflexion sur l’intégration des communs de la connaissance dans les visions et perspectives des acteurs engagés dans la transition, nous proposons un séminaire autour du projet FLOK Society ave c Michel Bauwens les 22 et 23 septembre 2014 en région parisienne.</p></blockquote>
<p>Le projet FLOK Society (Free, Libre, Open Knowledge) est la première tentative d’apporter des propositions opérationnelles à l’échelle d’un pays pour une transition vers une société basée sur la connaissance libre et ouverte. Il vise à créer les conditions d’une transformation simultanée de la société civile, du marché et des pouvoirs publics basée sur une appropriation du paradigme des communs de la connaissance.</p>
<p>Le projet FLOK Society a été élaborer en Équateur à la demande d’institutions gouvernementales. Il a été dirigé par Michel Bauwens, leader de la P2P Foudation, qui a mobilisé autour de lui une large équipe de chercheurs et d’activistes en Équateur, en Amérique Latine et à travers le monde. Les travaux ont mis en perspective les quatre grandes filières mobilisant et produisant les communs de la connaissance : éducation et culture, science, industrie agriculture et services, et citoyenneté et participation (ref : <a href="http://tinyurl.com/obd9jdh">http://tinyurl.com/obd9jdh</a>), pour brosser une analyse de leurs effets de transformations sur le marché, l’État et la société civile, et proposer des orientations transversales et sectorielles de politiques publiques pour faire émerger une économie sociale de la connaissance qui contribue à une transition sociale, économique et environnementale. Ces propositions sont la déclinaison d’une matrice à caractère générale, sous forme de préconisations spécifiques au contexte local équatorien.</p>
<p>Indépendamment de la manière dont celles-ci seront (ou non) reprises sous formes de politiques publiques par le gouvernement ou d’initiatives de la société civile en Équateur, les travaux du projet FLOK Society offrent un corpus de propositions et une méthodologie qui méritent d’être mis à l’épreuve d’autres contextes que celui de l’Équateur. Ce séminaire invite à identifier et approfondir les propositions du projet FLOK Society et les mettre en perspective avec la recherche, les expériences et les mobilisations dans le contexte français et européen.</p>
<p>Dans ce contexte, les acteurs de la transition sont inscrits dans une histoire et un agenda de luttes, de mobilisations et d’expérimentations. Ce séminaire vise à permettre d’intégrer le paradigme des communs de la connaissance de manière utile et efficace dans les visions politiques des familles de pensée qui constituent les forces de la transition, que sont les mouvements sociaux, le syndicalisme, et l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire.</p>
<p>Comment la réflexion sur la place des communs de la connaissance va-t-elle inspirer ces familles de pensée ? Quels agendas bâtir ou rejoindre ? Sur quels territoires et à quelles échelles doit-on mobiliser les communs de la connaissance pour une transformation sociale, culturelle, économique et politique vers une société plus juste, plus participative et, consciente et respectueuse des limites de la planète ?</p>
<p>Le séminaire se structure autour de trois temps, correspondant aux trois axes objets en transformation : le marché, la puissance publique et la société civile. Pour chacun de ces temps, il s’agit d’analyser les apports des communs de la connaissance aux débats et aux luttes sociales et politiques en cours, pour, dans la mesure du possible, élaborer des propositions, dégager des lignes de forces et des stratégies de convergence sectorielles et territoriales. Ces trois axes de travail seront précédés d’une présentation du projet FLOK Society et suivi d’un temps de bilan du séminaire.</p>
<p>Le séminaire se déroule à Villarceaux, OEcocentre de la Bergerie, avec le soutien de la Fondation Charles Léopold Mayer – FPH</p>
<p>Information complémentaire : <a href="mailto:fredericsultan@gmail.com">Frédéric Sultan</a></p>
<blockquote><p>En Catalogne, la coopérative <a href="http://femprocomuns">femprocomuns</a> propose des ateliers, des sessions de travail et des outils élaborés à partir du Modèle de Soutenabilité des Communs, qui a fait l’objet d’une recherche de plusieurs années avec des collectifs et des individus engagés dans les communs.</p></blockquote>
<figure id="attachment_6826" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6826" style="width: 2560px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-6826" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModelSostenibiliatProcomu_taller-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1130" srcset="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModelSostenibiliatProcomu_taller-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModelSostenibiliatProcomu_taller-342x151.jpg 342w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModelSostenibiliatProcomu_taller-607x268.jpg 607w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModelSostenibiliatProcomu_taller-768x339.jpg 768w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModelSostenibiliatProcomu_taller-1536x678.jpg 1536w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModelSostenibiliatProcomu_taller-2048x904.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-6826" class="wp-caption-text">cof</figcaption></figure>
<pre>Cet article est dérivé de contenus sous <strong>Creative Commons Attribution Share alike 3.0-es (CCBYSA)</strong>. Voir accréditation en pied de page.</pre>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">Introduction aux communs</h2>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Aux côtés du marché et de l’État, il existe un troisième modèle d’organisation sociale et économique, les communs.</strong> Outre les nombreux cas de production, de reproduction et de gestion de biens communs traditionnels qui se sont maintenus au fil des ans, des projets technologiques, urbains et culturels, dont certains utilisent des licences libres et ouvertes, avec des modèles distribués et démocratiques de production, de reproduction, de gestion et de prise de décision, ont été lancés au cours des dernières décennies. Ces projets sont différents les uns des autres, mais partagent certains principes et qualités.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Les communs sont un modèle d’organisation sociale qui résout collectivement les besoins et les relations sociales par l’autogestion et la coproduction, en prenant en charge les ressources nécessaires de manière durable, sans les épuiser ni les mettre en danger. Un commun implique l’articulation d’une communauté qui assume des responsabilités et des décisions communes, qui produit collectivement avec sa force de travail, qui se dote de règles convenues et, le cas échéant, de biens partagés. Les ressources (les biens communs) concernées peuvent être matérielles et immatérielles, naturelles ou produites par l’activité humaine.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AMAP_Goutte_d%27Or_IMG_20210925_115029818_25.jpg#/media/File:AMAP_Goutte_d'Or_IMG_20210925_115029818_25.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/AMAP_Goutte_d%27Or_IMG_20210925_115029818_25.jpg" alt="AMAP Goutte d'Or IMG 20210925 115029818 25.jpg" width="3264" height="1836" /></a><br />
<a title="Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=114353234">Lien</a></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Il est de plus en plus évident pour un nombre croissant de personnes que le modèle basé sur la maximisation du profit privé a échoué, qu’il n’est pas viable et non soutenable pour la société et pour la planète. Ce modèle, qui prévaut encore, nous conduit à une crise sociale et à une urgence climatique sans précédent. Face à cette situation, nous trouvons dans la matrice des communs un moyen de nous réorganiser afin d’articuler des alternatives durables. Cette matrice peut être complémentaire à d’autres modèles d’organisation démocratique, de soutenabilité écologique et d’économie solidaire.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Les communs ont des origines très anciennes dans les sociétés humaines, apparaissant dans différentes situations et, en particulier, dans les situations d’urgence ou de catastrophe. </strong>Certains communs traditionnels ont été éradiqués en Europe aux 18e et 19e siècles avec la fermeture des champs, donnant lieu à l’accumulation capitaliste et à la révolution industrielle. L’éradication ou la marginalisation des communs s’est étendue aux nouveaux territoires que les empires et États européens émergents colonisaient. La réponse a été multiple : conflits de résistance pour défendre les communs menacés, résistance à la colonisation et à l’esclavage, et réponse des paysans prolétarisés (dans certains cas, d’anciens commoners ou leurs descendants) à travers les associations de travailleurs et <strong>le coopérativisme</strong>. Ce processus n’est pas terminé, la gestion des biens communs est, aujourd’hui encore, fermés ou privatisés par l’exploitation minière, la déforestation agricole ou les géants technologiques. Mais les biens communs, ressources (richesses collectives, naturelles, infrastructures civiles, œuvres culturelles, traditions, connaissances,…), sont présents dans notre environnement, et pour les préserver (d’un point de vue social et environnemental), aujourd’hui nous pouvons également chercher des réponses dans l’auto-organisation des personnes, l’associationnisme et dans la revitalisation et la réinvention du coopérativisme ouvert (open cooperativism).</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>L’écologie </strong>nous a appris l’importance des écosystèmes interconnectés, elle a remis en cause l’imaginaire anthropocentrique en plaçant l’espèce humaine comme une espèce comme les autres, qui a en même temps une responsabilité pour son impact. Le point de vue des communs met l’accent sur l’intendance plutôt que sur la propriété et sur l’importance de la soutenabilité dans la transmission des ressources et de l’environnement écologique aux générations futures.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Les communs sont renouvelés par la culture <strong>libriste</strong>, les logiciels (Linux, LibreOffice, etc.) mais aussi d’autres initiatives aussi diverses que le réseau internet communautaire Guifi.net, le partage des semences en Inde, la protection des espèces de pommes de terre à valeur génétique au Pérou (Potato Park) ou comme le camp de réfugiés de Zaatari en Jordanie ou le CouchSurfing (offrir à des voyageurs de dormir sur son canapé).</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">« Soyons clairs : les communs ne sont pas une utopie. C’est quelque chose qui se passe en ce moment même. Nous pouvons le voir dans d’innombrables villes, dans le Sud et le Nord industriel, dans les communautés de logiciels libres et les cyber-réseaux mondiaux. »<br />
<em>Helfrich, Silke ; Bollier, David (2020) Free, fair and alive : the insurgent power of the commons.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Les principes des communs s’acquièrent dans la sphère domestique qui est un des espaces essentiel de la reproduction sociale et de sa durabilité. En ce sens, il existe une confluence entre les communs et <strong>l’économie féministe</strong>, qui les réinterprète et les transforme, en soulignant l’importance du travail reproductif invisible dans le modèle du marché. La perspective féministe met en lumière tout ce qui rend possible et durable un projet communautaire.</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: left;">La mise en commun (« commoning ») commence dans la famille. La cuisine, où la production et la reproduction se rencontrent et où les énergies de la journée sont négociées entre les genres et les générations. C’est là que sont prises les premières décisions capitales concernant la division du travail, la distribution des produits, la création du désir et le maintien de la santé.<br />
<em>Linebaugh, Peter (2010) Some Principles of the Commons. Counterpunch.</em></p>
</blockquote>
<h2>Faire place aux communs</h2>
<p>Aujourd’hui, les communs constituent une matrice dans laquelle se reconnaissent les acteurs engagés dans des initiatives et des projets qui cherchent à préserver ou produire des ressources, résoudre des besoins collectifs, en tissant des relations sociales respectueuses des personnes et de la nature. Ces acteurs s’organisent collectivement à travers des mécanismes d’autogestion et d’autoproduction et de collaboration à différentes échelles. Avec leurs communautés ils visent une forme de production collaborative de biens matériels ou immatériels qui seront mis à la disposition de ceux qui en ont besoin selon des règles à définir ensemble. Dans ces communs, le défi consiste souvent à articuler les personnes et les organisations aux motivations diverses pour qu’elles utilisent, gèrent et contribuent par une approche de production p2p et/ou d’inter-coopération, à une mission orientée par des valeurs partagées. Il s’agit de rechercher le moyen pratique de convenir de l’usage d’une ressource partagée ou d’articuler un réseau relationnel d’entraide.</p>
<figure id="attachment_6825" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6825" style="width: 2560px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-6825" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModeleSoutenabiliteCommuns-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1473" srcset="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModeleSoutenabiliteCommuns-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModeleSoutenabiliteCommuns-342x197.jpg 342w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModeleSoutenabiliteCommuns-607x349.jpg 607w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModeleSoutenabiliteCommuns-768x442.jpg 768w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModeleSoutenabiliteCommuns-1536x884.jpg 1536w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ModeleSoutenabiliteCommuns-2048x1179.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-6825" class="wp-caption-text">cof</figcaption></figure>
<p>De tels processus s’appliquent en de multiples domaines, comme par exemple l’alimentation, l’eau, la santé, les filières agricoles, l’innovation technique, … et aux différentes échelles territoriales. Ils sont d’une grande complexité car l’auto-organisation repose sur la qualité des relations humaines qui se tissent dans la pratique, mais aussi sur des mécanismes économiques et juridiques à co-construire, et la reconnaissance des valeurs partagées. Faire naître ces mécanismes de gouvernance en commun demande du temps. Cela requiert aussi l’appropriation d’outils et de méthodes qui permettent de saisir et mobiliser l’expérience vécue dans les communs pour en faire une connaissance et une culture commune.</p>
<p>Pour qu’un tel travail puisse se réaliser, il est aussi nécessaire de concevoir un cadre accueillant qui prend la forme d’<strong>un processus d’accompagnement ou animation adapté à chaque contexte singulier</strong> et aux objectifs des participants que sont les porteurs de projets, les institutions publiques, les acteurs de la société civile (économiques, ESS, innovateurs sociaux, ….etc).</p>
<h2>Leur donner de la puissance</h2>
<p>Pour répondre à ce besoin, nous avons développé au cours des dernières années un outil et une démarche pour accompagner les collectifs qui cherchent à proposer des solutions aux défis de leurs territoires.</p>
<p>Nous nous appuyons sur un modèle conceptuel qui représente 5 dimensions interconnectées la mise en commun (5 piliers). Il modélise la façon dont un projet fonctionne ou souhaite fonctionner. Il utilise un schéma visuel, le <strong>Modèle de soutenabilité des communs </strong>qui nous aide à situer et qualifier les communs au regard de ces 5 dimensions.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-6812 size-full" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/5879953783667144909_121-1.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="1280" srcset="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/5879953783667144909_121-1.jpg 1280w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/5879953783667144909_121-1-342x342.jpg 342w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/5879953783667144909_121-1-607x607.jpg 607w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/5879953783667144909_121-1-768x768.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /></p>
<p>Ce schéma est un support pour mobiliser un ensemble d’outils méthodologiques, juridiques, économiques, issus des sciences sociales et de l’expérience cumulée de la matrice des communs au cours des dernières décennies. Ces outils permettent d’aller plus loin, d’analyser ce qui existe et de développer les potentiels des initiatives en fonction de leurs contextes et environnements.</p>
<p>En travaillant ensemble avec de tels outils sur un même territoire ou bien dans un même domaine, les acteurs peuvent développer des coopérations nouvelles et mieux prendre en charge l’objet de leur projet.</p>
<p><strong>Pilier communautaire. </strong>Au cœur du modèle se trouve la communauté des personnes qui produisent, gèrent et utilisent un élément commun particulier qu’elles partagent. Elle s’articule à travers des mécanismes, des outils et des règles qui permettent de réguler son fonctionnement. Les projets d’économie sociale, solidaire et coopérative (ESSC) et les biens communs numériques, urbains ou de la connaissance impliquent souvent des communautés importantes et diverses. Ils dépendent de processus dans lesquels la participation est essentielle, ils proposent des modèles de gouvernance distribuée et les personnes qui y participent veulent influencer leur environnement, consciemment et collectivement. La communication, la délibération et la prise de décision sont des facteurs importants à prendre en compte.</p>
<p><strong>Pilier de mobilisation des ressources.</strong> Il s’agit de la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires à l’existence du projet, matérielles ou immatérielles, qui ne sont pas des forces de travail. Ils peuvent être fournis par les membres de la communauté articulée autour du projet ou venir de l’extérieur. Cela peut se faire selon différents modèles de relations économiques (cession gratuite, don, prêt, échange, intercoopération, marché social, marché capitaliste). Il peut s’agir de ressources naturelles, monétaires, financières, de matériaux désaffectés qui sont réintégrés dans le circuit économique, de contenus écrits ou audiovisuels, de logiciels informatiques, entre autres. Et, bien sûr, ils peuvent servir à rémunérer et/ou à compenser la main-d’œuvre.</p>
<p><strong>Pilier de coproduction.</strong> Il se concentre sur la main-d’œuvre, sur les relations de production qui sont établies, sur la façon dont la production est organisée et sur les motivations des personnes qui y participent. Elle parle d’autoproduction collective : la production est réalisée au sein d’une communauté par ses propres membres, pour répondre à leurs propres besoins et défis. Il est nécessaire de comprendre quels sont les individus, les collectifs et les organisations qui composent cette communauté et comment ils sont liés les uns aux autres ; si une partie de cette production est réalisée en dehors de la communauté ou dans d’autres communautés avec lesquelles des relations sont établies, et si la production répond uniquement à ses propres besoins ou si elle est réalisée au grand jour et que tout le monde peut en bénéficier. Il s’agit de toute la force de travail humaine, rémunérée ou volontaire, qui doit être mobilisée, coordonnée et mise en collaboration.</p>
<p><strong>Pilier de la co-gouvernance. </strong>Il identifie les outils et mécanismes sociétaux disponibles pour permettre la participation de la communauté motrice, exécutante et/ou cible du projet à la prise de décision de manière horizontale, démocratique et distribuée. Quelles sont les politiques d’adhésion à un projet, comment devenir membre de la communauté ou de l’entité, comment mobiliser les ressources nécessaires, quels sont les engagements de retour et de rentabilité, et comment convenir et exécuter la répartition de la valeur générée entre les contributeurs.</p>
<p><strong>Pilier de partage. </strong>La manière de partager les connaissances, les compétences et même la production immatérielle ou matérielle peut être la clé pour qu’un projet de biens communs soit reproduit de manière durable et pour qu’il puisse être répliqué ou adapté. Il s’agit de disposer de mécanismes permettant de transmettre, au sein de la communauté, la manière dont les choses sont faites (documentation, formation interne, apprentissage partagé) ; le partage ouvert par le biais de licences publiques, la publication des fichiers sources, les données ouvertes et la collaboration avec la réplication.</p>
<pre><strong>Travail dérivé de :</strong> Matériaux de La Comunificadora 4 (femProcomuns et LabCoop, 2019-20) l CCBYSA 3.0-es Matériel pour les cours de coopérativisme de plateforme (femProcomuns-Dimmons-Free Knovledge institute, 2018). CCBYSA 3.0-es Traduction et adaptation en français 2022. CCBYSA 3.0-fr.<strong>
Auteurs:</strong> David Gómez Fontanills, Mònica Garriga Miret, Guernica Facundo Vericat, Wouter Tebbens, Pere Ribas, David Jacovkis Halperin, Jordi Framis Maimi, Frédéric Sultan Traduction en Français: Coordonné par femProcomuns et Remix the commons dans le cadre d’Écosystèmes des Communs. Traduction en français 2022. CCBYSA 3.0-fr.
<strong>Version:</strong>0.1.1 FR | 06/2022</pre>
<p> </p>
<blockquote><p>
Du 15 au 17 Novembre 2016, une Assemblée européenne des communs aura lieu à Bruxelles. Les commoners se réuniront, pour discuter, partager leur expérience, et réclamer une autre Europe. L’après-midi du 16, une réunion se déroulera au Parlement Européen, avec 150 d’entre eux, organisée en collaboration avec l’Intergroupe Parlementaire sur les biens communs et les services publics (dirigé par Marisa Matias, Dario Tamburrano, Ernesto Urtasun, Sergio Cofferati). Dans le même temps, d’autres événements et des assemblées locales auront lieu en dehors du Parlement, à Bruxelles et dans toute l’Europe.</p></blockquote>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ECA-300x212.jpg" alt="eca" width="900" height="636" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-4561" /><br />
Author: TILL GENTZSCH</p>
<p><H1>Autour du paradigme des communs</H1></p>
<p>Le 26 Septembre, un groupe d’organismes sans but lucratif, de fondations et d’autres organisations de la société civile publient conjointement un «Appel pour une Assemblée européenne des communs ». Le document rédigé collectivement, qui continue de recueillir les signatures collectives et individuelles à travers toute l’Europe, sert d’appel dans le but de constituer un réseau de «commoners».</p>
<p>L’Assemblée cherche à unir les citoyens dans un élan de solidarité trans-local et trans-européen pour faire face aux défis actuels de l’Europe et relancer le processus politique pour le 21e siècle. Les biens communs peuvent être compris comme un paradigme de transition qui met l’accent sur la coopération dans la gestion des ressources, des connaissances, des outils et des espaces aussi divers que l’eau, Wikipedia, le crowdfunding, ou un jardin communautaire. Leur appel décrit les communs comme :</p>
<ol>
… les initiatives locales de coopération partant des habitants, basées sur le réseau qui sont déjà soutenues par des millions de personnes à travers l’Europe et le monde. Ces initiatives créent des systèmes autogérés qui répondent à des besoins importants. Elles opèrent à l’extérieur des marchés dominants et des programmes traditionnels de l’Etat et expérimentent de nouvelles structures hybrides.</ol>
<p>La proposition d’Assemblée Européenne des Communs a émergé en mai 2016, initiée par une communauté pilote de 28 militants issus de 15 pays européens, équilibré sur le plan du genre, travaillant dans différents champs des biens communs. Ce groupe est rejoint chaque jour par de nouveaux militants qui insistent sur le fait que l’Assemblée Européenne des communs est inclusive et ouverte, de sorte qu’un mouvement européen large et fluide puisse formé une large alliance citoyenne et démocratique. Elle cherche à rendre visibles les actes de mise en commun des citoyens pour les citoyens, tout en favorisant l’interaction avec les politiques et les institutions aux niveaux national et européen.</p>
<p><H1>Prendre part à un large mouvement </H1><br />
L’adoption rapide des communs comme une alternative durable et une vision du monde sociale et holistique, est en partie l’expression d’un malaise face au système économique actuel injuste et aux carences démocratiques. Le mouvement des communes a explosé ces dernières années, suite à l’attribution du prix Nobel d’économie à Elinor Ostrom en 2009 pour son travail sur la gestion des ressources communes. Il fusionne avec d’autres mouvements, comme les mouvements pour une économie de la solidarité et du partage, pour la production pairs à pairs, et pour la décroissance.</p>
<p>Michel Bauwens, figure de premier plan dans le mouvement peer-to-peer, qui fait partie de l’Assemblée Européenne des Communs (ECA), explique: <em>Partout dans le monde, un nouveau mouvement social émerge, qui conteste les présupposés « extractivites » de l’économie politique dominante, sème des formes co-construites d’une société durable et solidaire. Les commoners prennent la parole, par exemple, dans les assemblées des communs qui émergent dans les villes françaises et ailleurs. Le temps est venu pour une transformation du monde politique, à travers une Assemblée européenne des communs.</em></p>
<p>L’Appel inclue une invitation à participer à une rencontre ouverte à Bruxelles du 15 au 17 Novembre 2016 pour trois jours d’activités et de réflexion partagée sur la façon de protéger et de promouvoir les communs. Cette rencontre inclue une session officielle au Parlement européen, accueillie par l’Intergroupe parlementaire sur les biens communs et services publics, le 16 Novembre (le nombre de place est limité).</p>
<p>Vous pouvez lire et <a href="http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/appel-a-une-assemblee-europeenne-des-communs/">signer le texte intégral</a> de l’appel, également disponible en français, en espagnol, et bientôt dans d’autres langues européennes, sur le <a href="http://europeancommonsassembly.eu">site Web</a> de l’Assemblée Européenne des Communs (ECA). Cette signature (http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/sign-call/) peut être individuelle ou au nom d’organisations de la société civile. </p>
<p>Pour plus d’informations, visitez le site web <a href="http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/"> http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/ </a>ou suivez les mises à jour régulières via @CommonsAssembly sur Twitter.</p>
<p>Contact pour les médias: Nicole Leonard contact@europeancommonsassembly.eu</p>
<p>Appel pour un processus d’assemblée européenne des communs :<br />
<a href="http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/appel-a-une-assemblee-europeenne-des-communs/">http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/appel-a-une-assemblee-europeenne-des-communs/</a></p>
<p>Traduction de de l’article original publié sur : <a href="http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/">http://europeancommonsassembly.eu/</a></p>
<blockquote><p>Last 6, 7 and 8 of November, the Art of commoning, an event the community Art of Hosting Montreal, saw 70 people come together to explore the commons and commoning, and develop a culture from the posture of commoner. The first two days were held in the beautiful local gardens Space for Life (Espace pour la vie) partner of the event. The third day, the participants were divided in different places (Tiers lieux) with commons projects throughout the city of Montreal.</p>
<p>David Bollier who participated with Silke Hefrich, Alain Ambrosi and myself, made a <a href="http://bollier.org/blog/art-commoning"> review of the meeting on his blog </a>. For more information you can look at the <a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/fr/2014/11/lart-de-len-commun/">full article</a> (in French only)</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/20141107_162027.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-4035" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/20141107_162027-1024x576.jpg" alt="20141107_162027" width="1024" height="576" /></a></p> +
<p><iframe loading="lazy" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/6t0csmTRkck?rel=0" width="400" height="225" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p>Questions about who « owns » or has the right to benefit from Indigenous heritage are at the core of ongoing political, economic, and ethical debates taking place at local, national, and international levels.</p>
<p>When it comes to research in this area, Indigenous peoples have typically had little say in how studies related to their heritage are managed. Increasingly though, efforts are being made to decolonize research practices by fostering more equitable relationships between researchers and Indigenous peoples, based on mutual trust and collaboration.</p>
<p>In this presentation George Nicholas reviews debates over the « ownership » of Indigenous heritage and provides examples of new research practices that are both more ethical and more effective. These collaborative research models, in which the community leads the research, highlight important new directions in protecting Indigenous heritage.</p>
<p>Speaker: George Nicholas<br />
Event: SFU Public Square<br />
Date: April 2, 2014</p> +
<p>Organized by Remix The Commons, VECAM and radio Libre @ Toi</p>
<blockquote><p>Projection debate: Commons in political space,<br />
Broadcast live by the radio Libre @ Toi,<br />
7 April 2017, from 18:30 to 20:30<br />
At the Foundation for the Progress of Man, 38, rue Saint Sabin, 75011 Paris – France</p>
<h2>What are the relations between commons and politic?</h2>
<p>After the conquest of city governement by the commons candidates in the large Spanish cities, the introduction in the constitution of « buen vivir » (Bolivia and Ecuador), the development of community’s charters in Great Britain and the regulations for the protection of the common goods by Italian cities, ZADIism and Zapatista experience, assemblies of commoners throughout the Western world, … recent years have seen the commons enrich their experience of politics. How can it inspire us in France?</p>
<p>Come to debate after the screening of the short documentary « Les communs dans l’espace politique » (23 ‘), based on the testimonies of the actors involved in all these initiatives, of the place of the commons in the transformation of politics, the lessons that can be drawn from some of these experiences, and the challenges and dynamics of the commons movement.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4658" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Sylviafredriksson_du-possible.jpg" alt="Sylviafredriksson_du possible" width="640" height="640" /><br />
Par Sylvia Fredriksson Certains droits réservés</p>
<p>At the moment when the presidential campaign is in full swing in France. Which candidate has not yet incorporated this notion in his vocabulary, sometimes playing on the polysemy of terms and sailing between « Common Good », « common » or « common goods »? This echo indicates both a great penetration of this notion in society and a need to give a stronger consistency around the idea that we are able to develop mechanisms of cooperation that start from our needs and usages to build new rights.</p>
<p>In this debate, we will focus more on the transformation of possible practices in the French political sequence, elections, loss of credit for the institutional system, than to make an inventory or a comparison of electoral measures or promises of the candidates and parties.</p>
<p>« The commons in the political space » (23 ‘) is a document realized from interviews of activists met on the occasion of the World Social Forum and the World Forum of social economy GSEF which took place in Montreal in August and September 2016. The documentary and interviews will be available on http://remixthecommons.org in the coming days.</p>
<p>Remix The Commons is an intercultural space for sharing and co-creating multimedia documents on the commons. The project is carried out by an intercultural collective composed of people and organizations who believe that the collection, exchange and remix of stories, definitions and images … of the commons are an active and convivial way to disseminate it in society. <a href="http://remixthecommons.org"> http://remixthecommons.org </a></p>
<p>Radio Libre @ Toi will broadcast this live debate and podcast, prefiguring the activities of the radio Causes Communes on the airwaves. <a href="http://asso.libre-a-toi.org"> http://asso.libre-a-toi.org </a></p>
<p>Vecam is an association that contributes to the political and social decoding of the digital age since 1995. <a href="http://vecam.org"> http://vecam.org </a></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>Une rencontre publique avec Bernard Stiegler et Michel Bauwens le 16 septembre 2014 de 18:00 à 20:30 au Centre Pompidou à Paris. </p>
<p><strong>Attention changement de salle ! La rencontre se déroule dans la Petite Salle du Centre Pompidou.</strong></p>
<p>Les <a href="https://www.eventbrite.fr/e/inscription-rencontre-publique-avec-bernard-stiegler-et-michel-bauwens-1885113425?ref=elink" target="_blank" style="color:#3BE8DC" rel="noopener noreferrer">inscriptions</a> sont clauses. Il ne reste plus de place disponible pour cette rencontre. </p>
</blockquote>
<p>Face aux crises économique, sociale et écologique, nous sommes nombreux à penser qu’il faut créer les conditions de la transition d’un monde industriel productiviste vers une économie fondée sur le partage de la connaissance en biens communs et sur des modes de productions collaboratifs et contributifs. L’enjeu est d’abord de forger de nouveaux concepts pour comprendre les effets de l’automatisation et de la pénétration du numérique dans tous les aspects de la vie. Il s’agit également de repenser l’intérêt général et la solidarité comme des horizons possibles. </p>
<p>Pour cela, les pouvoirs publics locaux et nationaux, l’Université et la société civile organisée, doivent inventer ensemble, dans les territoires de vie, des alternatives à l’individualisme propriétaire et aux modes de gouvernance fondés sur le duopole Etat/marché. </p>
<p>C’est en tout cas l’hypothèse qui a été faite en Équateur. Ce pays a organisé une vaste étude pour tenter de mettre au clair la construction d’une société en transition appuyée sur les communs. Plusieurs chercheurs et spécialistes internationaux ont été mobilisés, dont Michel Bauwens et Bernard Stiegler. </p>
<p>Quel est le rôle de l’État, des collectivités locales et des territoires dans la transformation de l’économie vers une production des biens et services fondés sur les principes des biens communs ? Quels instruments juridiques et économiques faut-il inventer ? quelles alliances entre les acteurs engagés dans des formes alternatives de l’économie et des innovations sociales ? Comment aller au delà des niches développées avec succès dans certains secteurs – comme l’économie numérique – et permettre un passage à l’échelle vers des modes de production des biens et services fondés sur les principes des biens communs ?</p>
<p><a href="http://ouishare.net/">Ouishare</a>, <a href="www.savoirscom1.info/">Savoirscom1</a> et <a href="www.vecam.org/">VECAM</a> vous invitent à aborder ces questions avec Michel Bauwens et Bernard Stiegler au cours d’une rencontre publique qui se déroulera le 16 septembre 2014 de 18:00 à 20:30 dans la Salle Triangle du Centre Pompidou, à Paris.</p>
<figure style="width: 400px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://i.vimeocdn.com/video/177863970_640.jpg" width="400" height="225" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Michel Bauwens – Berlin 2012 Remix The Commons – Licence Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0</figcaption></figure>
<p>Michel Bauwens est un théoricien de la coopération P2P (de pair à pair), leader de la <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net">P2P Foundation</a>, qu’il a créée en 2005 avec comme objectif: « la recherche, la documentation et la promotion des principes du pair-à-pair ». Il présentera le projet <a href="http://en.wiki.floksociety.org/w/Main_Page">FLOK Society</a> qu’il a dirigé en Équateur tout au long du premier semestre 2014. Cette initiative est née de la volonté du gouvernement équatorien d’élaborer un plan de transition global vers une société basée sur le bien vivre (buen vivir), inscrit dans la constitution du pays. Michel Bauwens, avec une équipe internationale de chercheurs et d’activistes, a élaboré des modèles de production et des instruments juridiques, basés sur la collaboration de pair à pair et le partage de la connaissance en biens communs et proposé une matrice et des politiques dont le gouvernement peut s’inspirer pour une application concrète en Équateur.<br />
<figure id="attachment_3924" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-3924" style="width: 398px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Stiegler-2_dans_les_années_2000.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Stiegler-2_dans_les_années_2000.jpg" alt="By Joseph.paris — Wikimedia commons. Licence Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons " width="398" height="225" class="size-full wp-image-3924" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-3924" class="wp-caption-text">Bernard Stiegler par Joseph.paris — Wikimedia commons. Licence Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure>Bernard Stiegler est philosophe, fondateur et président du groupe de réflexion philosophique <a href="http://arsindustrialis.org">Ars industrialis</a> créé en 2005. Il dirige depuis 2006 l’Institut de recherche et d’innovation (IRI) qu’il a créé au sein du Centre Georges-Pompidou. L’IRI organise chaque année les Entretiens du Nouveau Monde Industriel (ENMI) consacrés à l’exploration des mutations des pratiques culturelles permises par les technologies numériques. Bernard Stiegler inscrit ses travaux dans le champ des digital studies. Pour lui, le numérique qui transforme radicalement notre façon de penser, de parler, de nous représenter le monde, fait apparaître une “organologie des savoirs” pour laquelle il faut définir de nouveaux concepts, théoriser et conceptualiser les pratiques sociales et culturelles et les technologies qui leurs sont associées. L’IRI est aussi engagé dans un projet de coopération avec le ministère de l’enseignement supérieur de l’Équateur qui vise à refonder l’université dans ce pays. </p>
<p>Cette rencontre est organisée avec le soutien de la Fondation Pour le Progrès de l’Homme.</p>
<ul>
We invite you to participate in the Commons Space which will be hosted at the the World Social Forum 2016 taking place from the 9th to the14th of August in Montreal.<br class="autobr" /> This is a space for experimentation, exchange and construction of commons based alternatives to the current economic model. This space will welcome and support the strategic process of convergence of commoners and social movements throughout the WSF. Here is the invitation.
</ul>
<h3 class="spip">Commons…</h3>
<p>In 2009 at the Social Forum in Belem Chico Whitaker launched the Manifesto Reclaim the Commons which was adopted by members of the International Council of the WSF<br class="autobr" /> [<a class="spip_url spip_out auto" href="http://bienscommuns.org/signature/appel/index.php?a=du&c=nfg1de" rel="nofollow external">http://bienscommuns.org/signature/appel/index.php?a=du&c=nfg1de</a>]. Since then, social movements have adopted this cause. At the WSF in Dakar in 2011, Silke Helfrich reported on the increased visibility of workshops and activities sharing the theme of<br class="autobr" /> thecommons.[<a class="spip_url spip_out auto" href="http://commonsblog.wordpress.com/2011/02/15/wsf-dakar-shifting-from-the-logic-of-the-market-to-the-logic-of-the-commons/" rel="nofollow external">http://commonsblog.wordpress.com/2011/02/15/wsf-dakar-shifting-from-the-logic-of-the-market-to-the-logic-of-the-commons/</a>].</p>
<p>In 2012, the commons was the central slogan of the People’s Summit in Rio calling « for Social and Environmental Justice in defense of the commons, against the commodification of life ».[<a class="spip_url spip_out auto" href="http://rio20.net/en/propuestas/final-declaration-of-the-people%E2%80%99s-summit-in-rio-20/" rel="nofollow external">http://rio20.net/en/propuestas/final-declaration-of-the-people%E2%80%99s-summit-in-rio-20/</a>] Again in 2012 on International Earth Day in Montreal at one of the biggest rallies of the « Printemps érable » (Maple Spring) protestors carried signs, flags and banners calling for the protection of the commons from privatization.</p>
<p>Ideas and practices based on Commons, P2P, Open Cooperativism continue to grow and are being developed by activists in many areas : Social Solidarity Economy, Collaborative & Sharing Economy, resistance to enclosure such as land grabs, defending water as a commons,Struggles against financialization and Climate change to name but a few. Activists find each other at events and festivals dedicated to the commons, like Afropixel (Dakar, 2012), Pixelache Festival (Helsinki,, 2014), Art of Commoning (Montreal, 2014), International Festival of the Commons (Chieri, Italy, 2015), Festival Temps des communs (Francophonie, 2015), CommonsFest (Athens, 2015), Procomun (Barcelona, 2016), and many more.</p>
<p>With a shared ambition to make another world possible activists are working together to develop commons based policies that deepen citizen participation. In local assemblies and civic laboratories, new spaces for civic engagement based on the commons are emerging. Commons are playing a leading role in the development of new thinking essential to the renewal of democracy.</p>
<p>Sharing practices and building alliances for the defense and creation of the commons,<br class="autobr" /> Developing and sharing commons based policies for cities, regions and countries, Building a convergence of commoners through continued dialogue on shared causes and strategies with movements working on transition such as : Degrowth, Political Ecology, Social Solidarity Economy, etc.</p>
<h3 class="spip">Self organized and distributed Commons Space</h3>
<p>The Commons Space at the WSF in Montreal will be open for the duration of the forum to anyone or any organization that is concerned with the commons, and wants to organize a workshop or any activity.</p>
<p>We propose a space in the spirit of the School of the Commons which aims<br class="autobr" /> at :</p>
<ul class="spip">
<li>documenting and disseminating knowledge on the Commons based on shared experiences and learning.</li>
<li>to concretely support the creation, reappropriation or conservation of existing and emerging commons through actions or projects based on mutual assistance and commitment.</li>
<li>to develop the practice of Commoning based on creative and collaborative skills and as a way of life.</li>
</ul>
<p>There will be an open and flexible schedule to accommodate a variety of activities and topics including both pre-programmed events and space for impromtu sessions. Most importantly we wish invite you to participate in the assemblies and convergence sessions.</p>
<p>The following topics have already been proposed :</p>
<ul class="spip">
<li>Urban Commons/City as a Commons/Municipal Movements</li>
<li>The Common as a New Political Subject</li>
<li>Open/Platform Cooperativism</li>
</ul>
<p>The Commons Space will be open and distributed in Montréal, in collaboration with the coworking spaces in the city. Its headquarters will be located at ECTO, a coworking coop [<a class="spip_url spip_out auto" href="http://www.ecto.coop" rel="nofollow external">www.ecto.coop</a>] in the heart of creative Montreal. Other coworking spaces (Salon 1861, Temps libre) and inter-cultural places will host activities.</p>
<p>The WSF is a unique opportunity to connect and work with activists from all over the world North/South/East/West to progress the cause of the Commons. This is an open call for proposals and activities. We invite you and your organisation to participate in co-organizing and facilitating the Commons Space. You can express your interest in participating and submit proposals for workshops, presentation, arts and cultural interventions simply by writing to the signatories of this announcement. To participate in discussion and to keep informed as the program of activities develops you can sign up to our mailing list.</p>
<p><a class="spip_url spip_out auto" href="http://lists.p2pfoundation.net/wws/review/wsf2016" rel="nofollow external">http://lists.p2pfoundation.net/wws/review/wsf2016</a></p>
<p>Looking forward seeing you in MTL</p>
<ul class="spip">
<li>Frédéric Sultan [fredericsultan@gmail.com]</li>
<li>Yves Otis [yves@percolab.com]</li>
<li>Kevin Flanagan [kevin@p2pfoundation.net] – <a class="spip_url spip_out auto" href="http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/" rel="nofollow external">http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/</a></li>
<li>Elisabetta Cangelosi [betta.cangelosi@gmail.com]</li>
<li>Alain Ambrosi [ambrosia@web.ca]</li>
<li>Abdou Salam Fall [asfall@refer.sn]</li>
<li>Monique Chartrand [direction@communautique.qc.ca]</li>
</ul>
<p>This is an initiative of Gazibo, Remix the Commons, Communautique,<br class="autobr" /> LARTES, percolab, P2P Foundation, VECAM, and supported by the Foundation<br class="autobr" /> for Human Progress.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.bollier.org/blog/new-videos-explore-political-potential-commons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Original publication by David Bollier</a></p>
<p>Just released: a terrific 25-minute video overview of the commons as seen by frontline activists from around the world, “<a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Les_communs_dans_l%E2%80%99espace_politique" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Commons in Political Spaces: For a Post-capitalist Transition</a>,” along with more than a dozen separate interviews with activists on the frontlines of commons work around the globe. The videos were shot at the World Social Forum in Montreal last August, capturing the flavor of discussion and organizing there.</p>
<p>A big thanks to Remix the Commons and Commons Spaces – two groups in Montreal, and to Alain Ambrosi, Frédéric Sultan and Stépanie Lessard-Bérubé — for pulling together this wonderful snapshot of the commons world. The overview video is no introduction to the commons, but a wonderfully insightful set of advanced commentaries about the political and strategic promise of the commons paradigm today.Frédéric Sultan of Remix the Commons</p>
<p>The overview video (“Les communs dans l’espace politique,” with English subtitles as needed) is striking in its focus on frontier developments: the emerging political alliances of commoners with conventional movements, ideas about how commons should interact with state power, and ways in which commons thinking is entering policy debate and the general culture.</p>
<p>The video features commentary by people like Frédéric Sultan, Gaelle Krikorian, Alain Ambrosi, Ianik Marcil, Matthew Rhéaume, Silke Helfrich, Chantal Delmas, Pablo Solon, Christian Iaione, and Jason Nardi, among others.</p>
<p>The individual interviews with each of these people are quite absorbing. (See the full listing of videos <a href="http://wiki.remixthecommons.org/index.php?title=Commons_Space" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.) Six of these interviews are in English, nine are in French, and three are in Spanish. They range in length from ten minutes to twenty-seven minutes.</p>
<figure id="attachment_6619" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6619" style="width: 512px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-6619" src="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Conseil_dEtat_Paris.jpg" alt="<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(Paris).jpg">Gzen92</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons" width="512" height="384" srcset="https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Conseil_dEtat_Paris.jpg 512w, https://www.remixthecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Conseil_dEtat_Paris-342x257.jpg 342w" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-6619" class="wp-caption-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(Paris).jpg">Gzen92</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure>
<p>Adopté par l’Assemblée nationale, le projet de loi confortant le respect des principes de la République a fait l’objet de deux saisines du Conseil Constitutionnel. L’une sur l’article 49 de la loi, relatif à l’enseignement en famille par les députés des groupes LR, UDI et Libertés et Territoires (<a href="https://www.deputes-les-republicains.fr/images/documents/Saisine-CC-PJL-respect-principes-de-la-Republique-et-lutte-contre-le-separatisme.pdf">lien</a>) et l’autre sur les articles 4, 6, 7, 8, 14 bis AA et 18 par 71 députés des groupes Gauche démocrate et républicaine, La France insoumise et Socialistes et apparentés (<a href="https://lafranceinsoumise.fr/2021/07/23/loi-separatisme-la-france-insoumise-participe-au-recours-collectif-devant-le-conseil-constitutionnel/">lien</a>). Le Conseil Constitutionnel prévoit de rendre sa décision le 13 août (<a href="https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/actualites/calendrier-de-travail-sur-les-decisions-a-venir">https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/actualites/calendrier-de-travail-sur-les-decisions-a-venir</a>).</p>
<p><strong>Remix est co-signataire de la contribution extérieure associative demandant la censure de plusieurs articles du projet de loi envoyée le lundi 26 juillet au Conseil Constitutionnel. </strong><strong>Vous retrouverez l’intégralité de la contribution extérieure sur le site de L.A. Coalition pour les libertés associatives en cliquant ici</strong> : <a href="https://www.lacoalition.fr/CP-LA-Coalition-pour-les-libertes-associatives-demande-au-Conseil">https://www.lacoalition.fr/CP-LA-Coalition-pour-les-libertes-associatives-demande-au-Conseil</a></p>
