Linux

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Définition(s)

Linux ou GNU/Linux est une famille de systèmes d'exploitation open source de type Unix fondé sur le noyau Linux, créé en 1991 par Linus Torvalds. De nombreuses distributions Linux ont depuis vu le jour et constituent un important vecteur de popularisation du mouvement du logiciel libre. Si à l'origine, Linux a été développé pour les ordinateurs compatibles PC, il n'a jamais équipé qu'une très faible part des ordinateurs personnels. Mais le noyau Linux, accompagné ou non des logiciels GNU, est également utilisé par d'autres types de systèmes informatiques, notamment les serveurs, téléphones portables, systèmes embarqués ou encore superordinateurs. Le système d'exploitation pour téléphones portables Android qui utilise le noyau Linux mais pas GNU, équipe aujourd'hui 85 % des tablettes tactiles et smartphones.

Source : http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Linux

[modifier]

Linux (/ˈliːnʊks/ LEE-nuuks or /ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy. Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, and Ubuntu, the latter of which itself consists of many different distributions and modifications, including Lubuntu and Xubuntu. Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise. Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland, and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether, or include a solution stack such as LAMP. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, Linux, including Android, has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems, as of May 2022. Although Linux is, as of November 2022, used by only around 2.6 percent of desktop computers, the Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based ChromeOS, dominates the US K–12 education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 notebook sales in the US. Linux is the leading operating system on servers (over 96.4% of the top 1 million web servers' operating systems are Linux), leads other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and is used on all of the world's 500 fastest supercompters (since November 2017, having gradually displaced all competitors). Linux also runs on embedded systems, i.e. devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system. This includes routers, automation controls, smart home devices, video game consoles, televisions (Samsung and LG Smart TVs), automobiles (Tesla, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai and Toyota), and spacecraft (Falcon 9 rocket, Dragon crew capsule and the Perseverance rover). Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. The source code may be used, modified and distributed commercially or non-commercially by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License (GPL). The Linux kernel, for example, is licensed under the GPLv2.

Source : http://dbpedia.org/resource/Linux

Sources externes

Wikidata : Q3251801
DBpedia FR : Linux
DBpedia EN : Linux

P2P Foundation : Linux

Autres langues (Wikipedia)

GNU/Linux (astwiki)
GNU/Linux (dawiki)
Linux Basics (enwikibooks)
GNU/Linux (eswiki)
GNU/Linux (frwiki)
Le système d'exploitation GNU-Linux (frwikibooks)
GNU/Linux (frwikiquote)
GNU/Linux (glwiki)
גנו/לינוקס (hewiki)
Linux/Linux alapok (huwikibooks)
GNU/Linux (ilowiki)
GNU/Linux (jawiki)
GNU/Linux (liwiki)
ГНУ/Линукс (mkwiki)
ഗ്നു/ലിനക്സ് (mlwiki)
GNU/Linux (mtwiki)
GNU/Linux (nowiki)
GNU/Linux (pflwiki)
GNU/Linux (plwiki)
GNU/Linux (ptwiki)
GNU/Linux (ruwiki)
ГНУ/Линукс (srwiki)
ГНУ/Линукс (tgwiki)
GNU/Linux (uzwiki)