Genre

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• Au delà du camp, dans le Commun, première partie (Vidéo, Palestinian Territory, 00:05:00)
• Définir les communs - Nicole Alix (Vidéo, France, 00:00:51)
• Définir les communs - Noël Vale Valera (Vidéo, Venezuela, 00:01:07)
• Interview Julie Bregeot (Audio, France)
• Theory and Practice in the Management of Natural Commons (Vidéo, 00:30:14)

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Définition(s)

EN

[modifier]

Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other (boys/men and girls/women); those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term non-binary. Some societies have specific genders besides "man" and "woman", such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as third genders (and fourth genders, etc.). Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization. Sexologist John Money is often regarded as the first to introduce a terminological distinction between biological sex and gender role (which, as originally defined, includes the concepts of both gender role and what would later become known as gender identity) in 1955 although Madison Bentley had already in 1945 defined gender as the "socialized obverse of sex", and Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 book The Second Sex has been interpreted as the beginning of the distinction between sex and gender in feminist theory. Before Money's work, it was uncommon to use the word gender to refer to anything but grammatical categories. However, Money's meaning of the word did not become widespread until the 1970s, when feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender. Most contemporary social scientists, behavioral scientists and biologists, many legal systems and government bodies, and intergovernmental agencies such as the WHO, make a distinction between gender and sex. In other contexts, the term gender is used to replace sex without representing a clear conceptual difference. For instance, in non-human animal research, gender is commonly used to refer to the biological sex of the animals. This change in the meaning of gender can be traced to the 1980s. In 1993, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) started to use gender instead of sex to avoid confusion with sexual intercourse. Later, in 2011, the FDA reversed its position and began using sex as the biological classification and gender as "a person's self-representation as male or female, or how that person is responded to by social institutions based on the individual's gender presentation." The social sciences have a branch devoted to gender studies. Other sciences, such as sexology and neuroscience, are also interested in the subject. The social sciences sometimes approach gender as a social construct, and gender studies particularly do, while research in the natural sciences investigates whether biological differences in females and males influence the development of gender in humans; both inform the debate about how far biological differences influence the formation of gender identity and gendered behavior. In some English literature, there is also a trichotomy between biological sex, psychological gender, and social gender role. This framework first appeared in a feminist paper on transsexualism in 1978.

Source : http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gender

Sources externes

Wikidata : Q6916101

DBpedia EN : Gender

Autres langues (Wikipedia)

Акатегориа:Агендер (abwiki)
መደብ:ፆታ (amwiki)
تصنيف:نوع الجنس (arwiki)
تصنيف:نوع الجنس (arwikinews)
تصنيف:نوع الجنس (arwikiquote)
تصنيف:الجندر (arywiki)
تصنيف:نوع جنس (arzwiki)
Categoría:Xéneru (astwiki)
শ্ৰেণী:লিংগ (aswiki)
بؤلمه:جنسیت (azbwiki)
Kateqoriya:Gender (azwiki)
Kateqoriya:Gender (azwikiquote)
Катэгорыя:Гендэр (be_x_oldwiki)
Катэгорыя:Гендар (bewiki)
Категория:Джендър (bgwiki)
श्रेणी:नर-मादा लिंग (bhwiki)
বিষয়শ্রেণী:লিঙ্গ (bnwiki)
Kategorija:Rod (sociologija) (bswiki)
Categoria:Gènere (cawiki)
Kategoriya:Kinatawhan (cebwiki)
پۆل:جێندەر (ckbwiki)
Category:Gender (commonswiki)
Kategorie:Gender (cswiki)
Categori:Rhywedd (cywiki)
Kategorie:Gender (dewiki)
Kategorie:Geschlecht (dewikiquote)
Kategori:Cınsiyet (diqwiki)
Κατηγορία:Φύλο (elwiki)
Category:Gender (enwiki)
Category:Gender (enwikiquote)
Category:Gender (enwiktionary)
Kategorio:Socia sekso (eowiki)
Categoría:Género (eswiki)
Categoría:Género (eswikiquote)
Kategoria:Generoa (euwiki)
رده:جنسیت (fawiki)
رده:جنسیت (fawikiquote)
Category:Vakatagane (fjwiki)
Catégorie:Genre (sciences sociales) (frwiki)
Catégorie:Genre (sciences sociales) (frwikiquote)
Catagóir:Inscne (gawiki)
Categoría:Xénero (glwiki)
શ્રેણી:મૈથુન (guwiki)
Ronney:Keintys (ronney antrapoaylleeagh) (gvwiki)
קטגוריה:מגדר (hewiki)
श्रेणी:लिंग (hiwiki)
Kategorija:Splah (hsbwiki)
Kategória:Társadalmi nem (huwiki)
Կատեգորիա:Սեռ (hywiki)
Kategori:Gender (idwiki)
Kategoria:Henero (ilowiki)
Kategorio:Genero (iowiki)
Flokkur:Kyn (iswiki)
Category:ジェンダー (jawiki)
カテゴリ:ジェンダー (jawiktionary)
Kategori:Gèndher (jvwiki)
კატეგორია:გენდერი (kawiki)
ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ភេទ (kmwiki)
분류:젠더 (kowiki)
분류:사회적 성 (kowikiquote)
Saachjrupp:Jeschlecht (kshwiki)
Kategorî:Zayend (kuwiki)
Категория:Гендер (kywiki)
Categoria:Jenero (lfnwiki)
Kategorija:Dzimums (lvwiki)
Категорија:Род (социологија) (mkwiki)
വർഗ്ഗം:ലിംഗം (mlwiki)
വർഗ്ഗം:ലിംഗം (mlwikiquote)
Kategori:Gender (mswiki)
Catadorie:Género (mwlwiki)
ကဏ္ဍ:ကျားမ ခွဲခြားနည်း (mywiki)
Categorie:Gender (nlwiki)
ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਜੈਂਡਰ (pawiki)
Categoria:Gênero (ptwiki)
Categoria:Gênero (ptwikiquote)
Categorie:Tipologia sexelor (rowiki)
Категория:Гендер (ruwiki)
Category:Gender (scowiki)
زمرو:جنسيت (sdwiki)
Kategorija:Rod (sociologija) (shwiki)
Category:Gender (simplewiki)
ප්‍රවර්ගය:ලිංග භේදය (siwiki)
Kategória:Gender (skwiki)
Kategorija:Spol (slwiki)
Kategoria:Gjini (sqwiki)
Категорија:Род (социологија) (srwiki)
Категорија:Пол (srwiktionary)
Kategori:Genus (svwiki)
Jamii:Jinsia (swwiki)
பகுப்பு:பாலினம் (tawiki)
หมวดหมู่:เพศภาวะ (thwiki)
Kategorya:Kasarian (tlwiki)
Kategori:Cinsiyet (trwiki)
Kategori:Cinsiyet (trwiktionary)
Category:Rimbewu (tswiki)
Категорія:Гендер (ukwiki)
زمرہ:جنس (urwiki)
زمرہ:جنس (urwikiquote)
Turkum:Jins (uzwiki)
Kategorii:Ristitun sugu (vepwiki)
Thể loại:Giới tính (xã hội học) (viwiki)
Thể loại:Giới tính (viwikiquote)
分類:性別 (zh_classicalwiki)
Lūi-pia̍t:Sèng-pia̍t (zh_min_nanwiki)
Category:性別 (zh_yuewiki)
Category:性別 (zhwiki)
Category:性別 (zhwiktionary)

Q6916101 Gender

FR