Culture
Définition(s)
Définitions générales
| En philosophie, le mot culture désigne ce qui est différent de la nature, c'est-à-dire ce qui est de l'ordre de l'acquis et non de l'inné. La culture a longtemps été considérée comme un trait caractéristique de l'humanité, qui la distinguait des animaux. Néanmoins, des travaux récents en éthologie et en primatologie ont montré l'existence de cultures animales.En sociologie, la culture est définie de façon plus étroite comme "ce qui est commun à un groupe d'individus" et comme "ce qui le soude". Ainsi, pour une institution internationale comme l'UNESCO : « Dans son sens le plus large, la culture peut aujourd'hui être considérée comme l'ensemble des traits distinctifs, spirituels et matériels, intellectuels et affectifs, qui caractérisent une société ou un groupe social. Elle englobe, outre les arts, les lettres et les sciences, les modes de vie, les droits fondamentaux de l'être humain, les systèmes de valeurs, les traditions et les croyances. »Ce "réservoir commun" évolue dans le temps par et dans les formes des échanges. Il se constitue en manières distinctes d'être, de penser, d'agir et de communiquer.Par abus de langage, on utilise souvent le mot "culture" pour désigner presque exclusivement l'offre de pratiques et de services culturels dans les sociétés modernes, et en particulier dans le domaine des arts et des lettres. |
Catégories (Wikipedia)
| Anthropologie |
| Concept sociologique |
| Culture |
| Philosophie |
| Sociologie de la culture |
Termes associés (Wikipedia)
| Culture (/ˈkʌltʃər/) can be defined in numerous ways. In the words of anthropologist E.B. Tylor it is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." Alternatively, in a contemporary variant, "Culture is defined as a social domain that emphasizes the practices, discourses, and material expressions, which, over time, express the continuities and discontinuities of social meaning of a life held in common." Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time."Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the basis for perceiving themselves as "person[s] of worth within the world of meaning"—raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago. This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex, abilities for social learning. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that is transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including, practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science make up the intangible cultural heritage of a society. In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry. Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness, such perspectives common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions. When used as a count noun, "a culture" is the set of customs, traditions, and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation. In this sense, multiculturalism is a concept that values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory. Sometimes "culture" is also used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society, a subculture (e.g. "bro culture"), or a counter culture. Within cultural anthropology, the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism holds that cultures cannot easily be objectively ranked or evaluated because any evaluation is necessarily situated within the value system of a given culture. |
Source : http://dbpedia.org/resource/Culture
External references (Wikipedia)
Médias référencés
Objet de commun (19)
- 10 Notice sur "De l'universel, de l'uniforme, du commun et du dialogue entre les cultures" de François Jullien (Belgique)
- 12 Notice sur "Teatro Valle Occupato" de Federica Giardini, Ugo Mattei et Rafael Spregelburd (Belgique)
- Charte de cogestion du FONJEP (France)
- Charte de réseau MJC en Ile-de-France (France)
- Demain, l'art sera libre et généreux ! 1/2 (France, 2:11:21)
- Demain, l'art sera libre et généreux ! 2/2 (France, 2:04:18)
- Droits culturels, définition par Irene Favero (France, 00:09:00)
- La Chapelle Marx Dormoy (France)
- Les biens communs : de la co-création à l’action (Canada, 00:04:44)
- MACAO 02 - Charte des communs de Milan (Italie, 00:02:50)
- MACAO 03 - La pratique des communs (Italie, 00:03:25)
- MACAO 04 - Relations entre lieux occupés (Italie, 00:03:25)
- MACAO 05 - MACAO 0et travail médiatique (Italie, 00:02:30)
- MACAO 06 - Coopération internationale (Italie, 00:00:38)
- MACAO 07 - Extractivisme culturel (Italie, 00:02:24)
- MACAO 08 - Sur le festival de Chieri (Italie, 00:02:07)
- MACAO 09 - Communauté Macao (Italie, 00:02:29)
- MACAO 10 - Ressources financières (Italie, 00:02:14)
- MACAO 11 - Origine du collectif MACAO (Italie, 00:01:14)
Sources
Wikidata : Q11042
DBpedia FR : Culture
DBpedia EN : Culture
Autres langues (Wikipedia)
Kultuur (afwiki)
Kultur (alswiki)
ባሕል (amwiki)
Cultura (anwiki)
ܡܪܕܘܬܐ (arcwiki)
ثقافة (arwiki)
تصنيف:ثقافة (arwikinews)
ثقافة (arwikiquote)
ثقافه (arzwiki)
Cultura (astwiki)
সংস্কৃতি (aswiki)
Yati (aywiki)
Mədəniyyət (azwiki)
Mədəniyyət (azwikiquote)
Kuitua (barwiki)
Koltūra (bat_smgwiki)
Мәҙәниәт (bawiki)
Культура (be_x_oldwiki)
Культура (bewiki)
Култура (bgwiki)
Категория:Култура (bgwikinews)
Култура — Културност (bgwikiquote)
संस्कृति (bhwiki)
সংস্কৃতি (bnwiki)
རིག་གནས། (bowiki)
সংস্কৃতি (bpywiki)
Sevenadur (brwiki)
Kultura (bswiki)
Kategorija:Kultura (bswikinews)
Kultura (bswikiquote)
Соёл (bxrwiki)
Cultura (cawiki)
Cultura (cawikiquote)
Ùng-huá (cdowiki)
Kultura (cebwiki)
Kuttura (chwiki)
چاند (ckbwiki)
Kùltura (csbwiki)
Kultura (cswiki)
Kategorie:Kultura (cswikinews)
Kultura (cswikiquote)
Культура (cvwiki)
Diwylliant (cywiki)
Kultur (dawiki)
Kultur (dewiki)
Kategorie:Kultur (dewikinews)
Kultur (dewikiquote)
ސަގާފަތު (dvwiki)
Κουλτούρα (elwiki)
Πολιτισμός (elwikiquote)
Πολιτιστικά αξιοθέατα (elwikivoyage)
Cultùra (emlwiki)
Culture (enwiki)
Culture (enwikiquote)
Cultural attractions (enwikivoyage)
Kulturo (eowiki)
Kategorio:Kulturo (eowikinews)
Kulturo (eowikiquote)
Cultura (eswiki)
Cultura (eswikiquote)
Atracciones culturales (eswikivoyage)
Kultuur (etwiki)
Kultuur (etwikiquote)
Kultura (euwiki)
Kultura (euwikiquote)
Coltura (extwiki)
فرهنگ (fawiki)
فرهنگ (fawikiquote)
جاذبههای فرهنگی (fawikivoyage)
Kultuur (fiu_vrowiki)
Kulttuuri (fiwiki)
Kulttuuri (fiwikiquote)
Kultuur (frrwiki)
Culture (frwiki)
Catégorie:Culture (frwikinews)
Culture (frwikiquote)
Guide culturel (frwikivoyage)
Culture (furwiki)
Kultuer (fywiki)
Cultúr (gawiki)
Kiltir (gcrwiki)
Cultura (glwiki)
Arandupy (gnwiki)
Cultoor (gvwiki)
Vùn-fa (hakwiki)
Al'ada (hawiki)
Moʻomeheu (hawwiki)
תרבות (hewiki)
תרבות (hewikiquote)
אטרקציות תרבותיות (hewikivoyage)
Sanskriti (hifwiki)
संस्कृति (hiwiki)
Kultura (hrwiki)
Kultura (hrwikiquote)
Kilti (htwiki)
Kultúra (huwiki)
Մշակույթ (hywiki)
Մշակույթ (hywikiquote)
Cultura (iawiki)
Budaya (idwiki)
Cultura (iewiki)
Kultura (ilowiki)
Kulturo (iowiki)
Menning (iswiki)
Cultura (itwiki)
Cultura (itwikiquote)
Tematica:Attrazioni culturali (itwikivoyage)
Kolcha (jamwiki)
文化 (jawiki)
カテゴリ:文化 (jawikinews)
kulnu (jbowiki)
Budaya (jvwiki)
კულტურა (kawiki)
Мәдениет (kkwiki)
Kulturi (klwiki)
វប្បធម៌ (kmwiki)
ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ (knwiki)
문화 (kowiki)
분류:문화 (kowikinews)
Культура (krcwiki)
تَہزیٖب (kswiki)
Çand (kuwiki)
Маданият (kywiki)
Kultura (ladwiki)
Cultura (lawiki)
Cultura (lawikiquote)
Kultur (lbwiki)
Cultur (lfnwiki)
Ebyobuwangwa (Culture) (lgwiki)
Cultuur (liwiki)
Cultura (lldwiki)
ວັດທະນະທຳ (lowiki)
Kultūra (ltwiki)
Kultūra (ltwikiquote)
Kultūra (lvwiki)
Budaya (map_bmswiki)
Kolontsaina (mgwiki)
Тӱвыра (mhrwiki)
Budayo (minwiki)
Култура (mkwiki)
സംസ്കാരം (mlwiki)
Соёл (mnwiki)
संस्कृती (mrwiki)
Budaya (mswiki)
Kultura (mtwiki)
Cultura (mwlwiki)
Культуранть мазычись (myvwiki)
ယဉ်ကျေးမှု (mywiki)
فرهنگ (mznwiki)
Chihuātlahcāyōtl (nahwiki)
Cultura (napwiki)
Kultuur (nds_nlwiki)
Kultur (ndswiki)
संस्कृति (newiki)
तजिलजि (newwiki)
Cultuur (nlwiki)
Categorie:Cultuur (nlwikinews)
Kultur (nnwiki)
Kulture (novwiki)
Kultur (nowiki)
Kategori:Kultur (nowikinews)
Cultura (ocwiki)
Kul'tuuru (olowiki)
Культурæ (oswiki)
Kultura (papwiki)
ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ (pawiki)
Kultur (pflwiki)
Kultura (plwiki)
Kultura (plwikiquote)
کلچر (pnbwiki)
هڅوب (pswiki)
Cultura (ptwiki)
Categoria:Cultura (ptwikinews)
Cultura (ptwikiquote)
Kawsay saphi (quwiki)
Cultură (rowiki)
Култура (ruewiki)
Культура (ruwiki)
Категория:Культура (ruwikinews)
Культура (ruwikiquote)
Култуура (sahwiki)
Cultura (scnwiki)
Cultur (scowiki)
ثقافت (sdwiki)
Kultura (shwiki)
Culture (simplewiki)
සංස්කෘතිය (siwiki)
Kultúra (spoločenské vedy) (skwiki)
Kultúra (skwikiquote)
Kultura (slwiki)
Kultura (slwikiquote)
Tsika (snwiki)
Dhaqan (sowiki)
Kultura (sqwiki)
Култура (srwiki)
Категорија:Култура (srwikinews)
Inhlonipho (sswiki)
Kultuur (stqwiki)
Budaya (suwiki)
Kultur (svwiki)
Kategori:Kultur (svwikinews)
Utamaduni (swwiki)
lalangawan (szywiki)
பண்பாடு (tawiki)
பகுப்பு:பண்பாடு (tawikinews)
பண்பாடு (tawikiquote)
సంస్కృతి (tewiki)
Фарҳанг (tgwiki)
วัฒนธรรม (thwiki)
Kalinangan (tlwiki)
Kültür (trwiki)
Kategori:Kültür ve eğlence (trwikinews)
Kültür (trwikiquote)
Ndzhavuko (tswiki)
Мәдәният (ttwiki)
Культура (ukwiki)
Категорія:Культура (ukwikinews)
Культура (ukwikiquote)
ثقافت (urwiki)
Madaniyat (uzwiki)
Cultura (vecwiki)
Kul'tur (vepwiki)
Văn hóa (viwiki)
Kuliv (vowiki)
Kultura (warwiki)
Tuzance (wawiki)
文化 (wuuwiki)
კულტურა (xmfwiki)
קולטור (yiwiki)
Àṣà (yowiki)
Vwnzva (zawiki)
Cultuur (zeawiki)
Bûn-hòa (zh_min_nanwiki)
文化 (zh_yuewiki)
文化 (zhwiki)
Category:文化 (zhwikinews)
文化 (zhwikivoyage)
